version 0.4.0

- Clean up UniversalPath implementation
    - Use Readable/Writable types correctly for stream methods
    - Add .list() methods for getting child files

- Make Response body specify explicit types and support
  writing Readable streams to the body

- Create a static file server that supports directory listing

.drone.yml

@@ -1,3 +1,86 @@
+kind: pipeline
+type: docker
+name: docs
+steps:
+  # ============ BUILD STEPS ===============
+  - name: build documentation
+    image: glmdev/node-pnpm:latest
+    commands:
+      - pnpm i --silent
+      - pnpm docs:build
+      - cd docs && tar czf ../extollo_api_documentation.tar.gz www
+
+  # =============== DEPLOY STEPS ===============
+  - name: copy artifacts to static host
+    image: appleboy/drone-scp
+    settings:
+      host:
+        from_secret: docs_deploy_host
+      username:
+        from_secret: docs_deploy_user
+      key:
+        from_secret: docs_deploy_key
+      port: 22
+      source: extollo_api_documentation.tar.gz
+      target: /var/nfs/general/static/sites/extollo
+    when:
+      event: promote
+      target: docs
+
+  - name: deploy artifacts on static host
+    image: appleboy/drone-ssh
+    settings:
+      host:
+        from_secret: docs_deploy_host
+      username:
+        from_secret: docs_deploy_user
+      key:
+        from_secret: docs_deploy_key
+      port: 22
+      script:
+        - cd /var/nfs/general/static/sites/extollo
+        - rm -rf docs
+        - tar xzf extollo_api_documentation.tar.gz
+        - rm -rf extollo_api_documentation.tar.gz
+        - mv www docs
+    when:
+      event: promote
+      target: docs
+
+  # =============== BUILD NOTIFICATIONS ===============
+  - name: send build success notifications
+    image: plugins/webhook
+    settings:
+      urls:
+        from_secret: notify_webhook_url
+      content_type: application/json
+      template: |
+        {
+          "title": "Drone-CI [extollo/docs @ ${DRONE_BUILD_NUMBER}]",
+          "message": "Build & deploy completed successfully.",
+          "priority": 4
+        }
+    when:
+      status: success
+      event:
+        - promote
+
+  - name: send build error notifications
+    image: plugins/webhook
+    settings:
+      urls:
+        from_secret: notify_webhook_url
+      content_type: application/json
+      template: |
+        {
+          "title": "Drone-CI [extollo/docs @ ${DRONE_BUILD_NUMBER}]",
+          "message": "Documentation build failed!",
+          "priority": 6
+        }
+    when:
+      status: failure
+---
+
 kind: pipeline
 name: default
 type: docker
@@ -134,18 +217,3 @@ steps:
     when:
       status: failure
       event: pull_request
-
-  - name: trigger documentation build
-    image: plugins/downstream
-    settings:
-      server: https://ci.garrettmills.dev
-      token:
-        from_secret: drone_token
-      fork: false
-      last_successful: true
-      deploy: production
-      repositories:
-        - Extollo/docs@master
-    when:
-      status: success
-      event: tag

.eslintignore

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+node_modules
+lib
+dist

.eslintrc.json

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+{
+    "env": {
+        "browser": true,
+        "es2021": true
+    },
+    "extends": [
+        "eslint:recommended",
+        "plugin:@typescript-eslint/eslint-recommended",
+        "plugin:@typescript-eslint/recommended"
+    ],
+    "parser": "@typescript-eslint/parser",
+    "parserOptions": {
+        "ecmaVersion": 12,
+        "sourceType": "module"
+    },
+    "plugins": [
+        "@typescript-eslint"
+    ],
+    "rules": {
+        "indent": [
+            "error",
+            4
+        ],
+        "linebreak-style": [
+            "error",
+            "unix"
+        ],
+        "quotes": [
+            "error",
+            "single",
+            {
+                "allowTemplateLiterals": true
+            }
+        ],
+        "semi": [
+            "error",
+            "never"
+        ],
+        "no-console": "error",
+        "curly": "error",
+        "eqeqeq": "error",
+        "guard-for-in": "error",
+        "no-alert": "error",
+        "no-caller": "error",
+        "no-constructor-return": "error",
+        "no-eval": "error",
+        "no-implicit-coercion": "error",
+        "no-implied-eval": "error",
+        "no-invalid-this": "error",
+        "no-return-await": "error",
+        "no-throw-literal": "error",
+        "no-useless-call": "error",
+        "radix": "error",
+        "yoda": "error",
+        "@typescript-eslint/no-shadow": "error",
+        "brace-style": "error",
+        "camelcase": "error",
+        "comma-dangle": [
+            "error",
+            "always-multiline"
+        ],
+        "comma-spacing": [
+            "error",
+            {
+                "before": false,
+                "after": true
+            }
+        ],
+        "comma-style": [
+            "error",
+            "last"
+        ],
+        "computed-property-spacing": [
+            "error",
+            "never"
+        ],
+        "eol-last": "error",
+        "func-call-spacing": [
+            "error",
+            "never"
+        ],
+        "keyword-spacing": [
+            "error",
+            {
+                "before": true,
+                "after": true
+            }
+        ],
+        "lines-between-class-members": "error",
+        "max-params": [
+            "error",
+            4
+        ],
+        "new-parens": [
+            "error",
+            "always"
+        ],
+        "newline-per-chained-call": "error",
+        "no-trailing-spaces": "error",
+        "no-underscore-dangle": "error",
+        "no-unneeded-ternary": "error",
+        "no-whitespace-before-property": "error",
+        "object-property-newline": "error",
+        "prefer-exponentiation-operator": "error",
+        "prefer-object-spread": "error",
+        "spaced-comment": [
+            "error",
+            "always"
+        ],
+        "prefer-const": "error",
+        "@typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any": "off"
+    }
+}

.idea/vcs.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="VcsDirectoryMappings">
+    <mapping directory="$PROJECT_DIR$" vcs="Git" />
+  </component>
+</project>

docs/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+www*

docs/HOME.md

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<center>
+<br>
+<img alt="The Extollo logo" src="https://static.garrettmills.dev/sites/extollo/docs/assets/logo/svg/Extollo-Icon-and-Text-LIGHT-Final.svg" height="150">
+<br><br>
+<b>extollo</b> - (v. <em>latin</em>) - to lift up, to elevate
+<br><br>
+Extollo is a <a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/floss-and-foss.en.html" target="_blank">free & libre</a> application framework in TypeScript.
+</center>
+<hr>
+
+Built on principles of modularity, strict-typing, inversion-of-control, and developer ergonomics, Extollo enables developers to build maintainable, scalable, and expressive applications.
+
+Node.js provides an excellent platform for quickly getting an application up and running, but this loose minimalism can lead to larger, more unweildy code-bases as your application grows. Extollo fixes this by providing an opinionated, robust framework and first-party modules that provide, among other things:
+
+- Type-based dependency injection
+- Strongly-typed ORM with an expressive query-builder and models
+- Customizable session & caching interfaces
+- Modular, pre-compiled, nest-able routes
+- First-party, extensible command line tools
+- Unit-based application structure
+
+## Getting Started
+Writing an application with Extollo is very straightforward if you are familiar with Node.js/TypeScript, or similar frameworks like Laravel.
+
+Check out the [Getting Started](https://extollo.garrettmills.dev/pages/Documentation/Getting-Started.html) page site for more information.
+
+## License & Philosophy
+The Extollo project is, and will always be, free & libre software. The framework itself is open-source available [here](https://code.garrettmills.dev/Extollo), and is licensed under the terms of the MIT license. See the LICENSE file for more information.
+
+## Contributing
+Have an improvement or fix to Extollo? Contributors are always welcome. See the CONTRIBUTING.md file for next steps.

docs/pages/About-Extollo.md

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# About the Extollo Project

docs/pages/Getting-Started.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Getting Started with Extollo
+
+## Requirements
+
+- Node.js v14 or later
+- [PNPM](https://pnpm.js.org/) (not NPM/Yarn)
+- Postgres credentials (if you want to use [@extollo/orm](../modules/orm_src.html))

docs/sourcefile-map.json

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[
+  {
+    "pattern": "^",
+    "replace": "https://code.garrettmills.dev/extollo/lib/src/branch/master/"
+  }
+]

docs/static/humans.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/* PROJECT */
+
+    Site Name:   The Extollo Framework
+    Site URL:    https://extollo.garrettmills.dev/
+    Created:     2021/03/24
+    Standards:   HTML5, CSS3
+    Software:    TypeDoc
+
+/* AUTHOR */
+
+    Name:        Garrett Mills
+    Location:    Lawrence, Kansas
+    Site:        https://garrettmills.dev/
+    Blog:        https://garrettmills.dev/blog/
+    Contact:     https://garrettmills.dev/#contact
+
+/* THANKS */
+
+    To Piper Mills for the excellent font, color, and logo design.

docs/theme/assets/css/pages.css

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+h2 code {
+	font-size: 1em;
+}
+
+h3 code {
+	font-size: 1em;
+}
+
+.tsd-navigation.primary ul {
+	border-bottom: none;
+}
+
+.tsd-navigation.primary li {
+	border-top: none;
+}
+
+.tsd-navigation li.label.pp-nav.pp-group:first-child span {
+	padding-top: 0;
+}
+
+.tsd-navigation li.label.pp-nav.pp-group {
+	font-weight: 700;
+	border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
+}
+
+.tsd-navigation li.label.pp-nav.pp-group span {
+	color: #222;
+}
+
+.tsd-navigation li.pp-nav.pp-page.current {
+	background-color: #f8f8f8;
+	border-left: 2px solid #222;
+}
+
+.tsd-navigation li.pp-nav.pp-page.current a {
+	color: #222;
+}
+
+.tsd-navigation li.pp-nav.pp-page.pp-parent.pp-active {
+	border-left: 2px solid #eee;
+}
+
+.tsd-navigation li.pp-nav.pp-page.pp-child {
+	border-left: 2px solid #eee;
+    padding-left: 15px;
+}
+
+.tsd-navigation li.pp-nav.pp-page.pp-child.current {
+	border-left: 2px solid #222;
+}
+
+.tsd-kind-page .tsd-kind-icon:before {
+	display: inline-block;
+	vertical-align: middle;
+	height: 16px;
+	width: 16px;
+	content: "";
+	background-image: url("../images/page-icon.svg");
+	background-size: 16px 16px;
+}
+
+#tsd-search .results span.parent {
+	color: #b3b2b2 !important;
+}

docs/theme/assets/images/page-icon.svg

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="#AA43FF" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="feather feather-file-text"><path d="M14 2H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8z"></path><polyline points="14 2 14 8 20 8"></polyline><line x1="16" y1="13" x2="8" y2="13"></line><line x1="16" y1="17" x2="8" y2="17"></line><polyline points="10 9 9 9 8 9"></polyline></svg>

docs/theme/assets/logo/svg/Extollo-Icon-NO-TEXT-light-and-dark-Final.svg

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docs/theme/assets/logo/svg/Extollo-Text-NO-ICON-Light-final.svg

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 432 162.99"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#ffe293;}.cls-2{fill:#2e5252;}</style></defs><ellipse class="cls-1" cx="213.64" cy="153.99" rx="180" ry="9"/><path class="cls-2" d="M3.6,9H65.08V25.56H23.93V57.21H61V73.93h-37v33.28H65.08v16.56H3.6Z" transform="translate(-3.6 -4.9)"/><path class="cls-2" d="M75.73,112.3,93.61,81.14,77.54,53.27V41.79H93l17,32,17-32h15.42V53.27L126.4,81.14l17.87,31.16v11.47H128.86L110,88.52,91.15,123.77H75.73Z" transform="translate(-3.6 -4.9)"/><path class="cls-2" d="M161,57.21H150V41.79h11v-18h22.13l-9.34,18h23.11V57.21H180v44.92a5.9,5.9,0,0,0,6.23,6.23h10.65v15.41H182.63q-9.67,0-15.66-6t-6-15.66Z" transform="translate(-3.6 -4.9)"/><path class="cls-2" d="M216.57,50.4q10-10.08,26.56-10.08,16.39,0,26.39,10.08t10,26.48V88.69q0,16.4-10,26.47t-26.39,10.09q-16.56,0-26.56-10.09t-10-26.47V76.88Q206.56,60.49,216.57,50.4Zm13.85,53.45q4.83,4.84,12.71,4.84t12.62-4.84q4.75-4.83,4.75-12.54v-17q0-7.87-4.75-12.63t-12.62-4.75q-7.87,0-12.71,4.75t-4.84,12.63v17A16.93,16.93,0,0,0,230.42,103.85Z" transform="translate(-3.6 -4.9)"/><path class="cls-2" d="M293.45,4.9h19V123.77h-19Z" transform="translate(-3.6 -4.9)"/><path class="cls-2" d="M329.85,4.9h19V123.77h-19Z" transform="translate(-3.6 -4.9)"/><path class="cls-2" d="M372.64,50.4q10-10.08,26.56-10.08,16.4,0,26.4,10.08t10,26.48V88.69q0,16.4-10,26.47t-26.4,10.09q-16.56,0-26.56-10.09t-10-26.47V76.88Q362.64,60.49,372.64,50.4Zm13.86,53.45q4.83,4.84,12.7,4.84t12.63-4.84q4.76-4.83,4.75-12.54v-17q0-7.87-4.75-12.63T399.2,56.88q-7.87,0-12.7,4.75t-4.84,12.63v17A16.93,16.93,0,0,0,386.5,103.85Z" transform="translate(-3.6 -4.9)"/></svg>

docs/theme/layouts/default.hbs

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<!doctype html>
+<html class="default no-js">
+<head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8">
+    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
+    <title>{{#ifCond model.name '==' project.name}}{{project.name}}{{else}}{{model.name}} | {{project.name}}{{/ifCond}}</title>
+    <meta name="description" content="Documentation for {{project.name}}">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{{relativeURL "assets/css/main.css"}}">
+    <link rel="author" href="{{relativeURL "humans.txt"}}">
+    <script async src="{{relativeURL "assets/js/search.js"}}" id="search-script"></script>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+{{> header}}
+
+<div class="container container-main">
+    <div class="row">
+        <div class="col-8 col-content">
+            {{{contents}}}
+        </div>
+        <div class="col-4 col-menu menu-sticky-wrap menu-highlight">
+            <nav class="tsd-navigation primary">
+                <ul>
+                    {{#each navigation.children}}
+                        {{> navigation}}
+                    {{/each}}
+                </ul>
+            </nav>
+
+            <nav class="tsd-navigation secondary menu-sticky">
+                <ul class="before-current">
+                    {{#each toc.children}}
+                        {{> toc.root}}
+                    {{/each}}
+                </ul>
+            </nav>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+</div>
+
+{{> footer}}
+
+<div class="overlay"></div>
+<script src="{{relativeURL "assets/js/main.js"}}"></script>
+
+{{> analytics}}
+
+</body>
+</html>

docs/theme/partials/footer.hbs

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+
+<footer>
+    <div class="container">
+        <h2>Legend</h2>
+        <div class="tsd-legend-group">
+            {{#each legend}}
+                <ul class="tsd-legend">
+                    {{#each .}}
+                        <li class="{{#compact}}{{#each classes}} {{.}}{{/each}}{{/compact}}"><span class="tsd-kind-icon">{{name}}</span></li>
+                    {{/each}}
+                </ul>
+            {{/each}}
+        </div>
+    </div>
+</footer>
+
+{{#unless settings.hideGenerator}}
+    <div class="tsd-generator extollo-end-cap">
+        <img src="{{relativeURL "assets/logo/svg/Extollo-Icon-and-Text-DARK-Final.svg"}}" style="max-height: 100px" class="svg-filter-white" alt="Extollo Logo">
+        <p><b>extollo</b> (v. <em>latin</em>) - to lift up, to elevate</p>
+        <p>
+            Extollo is a <a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/floss-and-foss.en.html" target="_blank">free & libre</a> application framework in TypeScript.
+        </p>
+        <p class="list-of-links">
+            <ul>
+                <li><a href="{{relativeURL "/"}}">Home</a></li>
+                <li><a href="{{relativeURL "pages/Documentation/Getting-Started.html"}}">Getting Started</a></li>
+                <li><a href="{{relativeURL "pages/Documentation/About-Extollo.html"}}">About Extollo</a></li>
+                <li><a href="https://code.garrettmills.dev/Extollo" target="_blank">Source Code</a></li>
+                <li><a href="https://code.garrettmills.dev/extollo/extollo/src/branch/master/CONTRIBUTING.md" target="_blank">Contributing</a></li>
+                <li><a href="https://code.garrettmills.dev/Extollo/docs" target="_blank">Build These Docs</a></li>
+            </ul>
+        </p>
+    </div>
+{{/unless}}

docs/theme/partials/header.hbs

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+<header>
+    <div class="tsd-page-toolbar">
+        <div class="container">
+            <div class="table-wrap">
+                <div class="table-cell" id="tsd-search" data-index="{{relativeURL "assets/js/search.json"}}" data-base="{{relativeURL "./"}}">
+                    <div class="field">
+                        <label for="tsd-search-field" class="tsd-widget search no-caption">Search</label>
+                        <input id="tsd-search-field" type="text" />
+                    </div>
+
+                    <ul class="results">
+                        <li class="state loading">Preparing search index...</li>
+                        <li class="state failure">The search index is not available</li>
+                    </ul>
+
+                    <img src="{{relativeURL "assets/logo/svg/Extollo-Icon-NO-TEXT-light-and-dark-Final.svg"}}" alt="Extollo Icon" class="token-logo" style="max-height: 30px; margin-bottom: -10px; padding-right: 10px;">
+                    <a href="{{relativeURL "index.html"}}" class="title">{{project.name}}</a>
+                </div>
+
+                <div class="table-cell" id="tsd-widgets">
+                    <div id="tsd-filter">
+                        <a href="#" class="tsd-widget options no-caption" data-toggle="options">Options</a>
+                        <div class="tsd-filter-group">
+                            <div class="tsd-select" id="tsd-filter-visibility">
+                                <span class="tsd-select-label">All</span>
+                                <ul class="tsd-select-list">
+                                    <li data-value="public">Public</li>
+                                    <li data-value="protected">Public/Protected</li>
+                                    <li data-value="private" class="selected">All</li>
+                                </ul>
+                            </div>
+
+                            <input type="checkbox" id="tsd-filter-inherited" checked />
+                            <label class="tsd-widget" for="tsd-filter-inherited">Inherited</label>
+
+                            {{#unless settings.excludeExternals}}
+                                <input type="checkbox" id="tsd-filter-externals" checked />
+                                <label class="tsd-widget" for="tsd-filter-externals">Externals</label>
+                            {{/unless}}
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+
+                    <a href="#" class="tsd-widget menu no-caption" data-toggle="menu">Menu</a>
+                </div>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="tsd-page-title">
+        <div class="container">
+            {{#if model.parent}} {{! Don't show breadcrumbs on main project page, it is the root page. !}}
+                <ul class="tsd-breadcrumb">
+                    {{#with model}}{{> breadcrumb}}{{/with}}
+                </ul>
+            {{/if}}
+            <h1>{{#compact}}
+                {{#ifCond model.kindString "!==" "Project" }}
+                    {{model.kindString}}&nbsp;
+                {{/ifCond}}
+                {{model.name}}
+                {{#if model.typeParameters}}
+                    &lt;
+                    {{#each model.typeParameters}}
+                        {{#if @index}},&nbsp;{{/if}}
+                        {{name}}
+                    {{/each}}
+                    &gt;
+                {{/if}}
+            {{/compact}}</h1>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+</header>

docs/theme/templates/markdown-page.hbs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<div class="tsd-panel tsd-typography">
+    {{#markdown}}{{{model.pagesPlugin.item.contents}}}{{/markdown}}
+</div>

package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@extollo/lib",
-  "version": "0.1.3",
+  "version": "0.4.0",
   "description": "The framework library that lifts up your code.",
   "main": "lib/index.js",
   "types": "lib/index.d.ts",
@@ -8,19 +8,26 @@
     "lib": "lib"
   },
   "dependencies": {
+    "@atao60/fse-cli": "^0.1.6",
+    "@types/bcrypt": "^5.0.0",
     "@types/busboy": "^0.2.3",
+    "@types/cli-table": "^0.3.0",
+    "@types/mime-types": "^2.1.0",
     "@types/mkdirp": "^1.0.1",
     "@types/negotiator": "^0.6.1",
-    "@types/node": "^14.14.37",
+    "@types/node": "^14.17.4",
     "@types/pg": "^8.6.0",
     "@types/pluralize": "^0.0.29",
     "@types/pug": "^2.0.4",
     "@types/rimraf": "^3.0.0",
     "@types/ssh2": "^0.5.46",
     "@types/uuid": "^8.3.0",
+    "bcrypt": "^5.0.1",
     "busboy": "^0.3.1",
+    "cli-table": "^0.3.6",
     "colors": "^1.4.0",
     "dotenv": "^8.2.0",
+    "mime-types": "^2.1.31",
     "mkdirp": "^1.0.4",
     "negotiator": "^0.6.2",
     "pg": "^8.6.0",
@@ -30,14 +37,22 @@
     "rimraf": "^3.0.2",
     "ssh2": "^1.1.0",
     "ts-node": "^9.1.1",
+    "typedoc": "^0.20.36",
+    "typedoc-plugin-pages-fork": "^0.0.1",
+    "typedoc-plugin-sourcefile-url": "^1.0.6",
     "typescript": "^4.2.3",
     "uuid": "^8.3.2"
   },
   "scripts": {
     "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1",
+    "prebuild": "pnpm run lint && rimraf lib",
     "build": "tsc",
+    "postbuild": "fse copy --all --dereference --preserveTimestamps --keepExisting=false --quiet --errorOnExist=false src/resources lib/resources",
     "app": "tsc && node lib/index.js",
-    "prepare": "pnpm run build"
+    "prepare": "pnpm run build",
+    "docs:build": "typedoc --options typedoc.json",
+    "lint": "eslint . --ext .ts",
+    "lint:fix": "eslint --fix . --ext .ts"
   },
   "files": [
     "lib/**/*"
@@ -49,5 +64,16 @@
     "url": "https://code.garrettmills.dev/extollo/lib"
   },
   "author": "garrettmills <shout@garrettmills.dev>",
-  "license": "MIT"
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^4.26.0",
+    "@typescript-eslint/parser": "^4.26.0",
+    "eslint": "^7.27.0"
+  },
+  "extollo": {
+    "discover": true,
+    "units": {
+      "discover": false
+    }
+  }
 }

pagesconfig.json

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+{
+  "groups": [
+    {
+      "title": "Documentation",
+      "pages": [
+        {
+          "title": "Getting Started",
+          "source": "./docs/pages/Getting-Started.md"
+        },
+        {
+          "title": "About Extollo",
+          "source": "./docs/pages/About-Extollo.md"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}

src/auth/Authentication.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import {Inject, Injectable, Instantiable, StaticClass} from '../di'
+import {Unit} from '../lifecycle/Unit'
+import {Logging} from '../service/Logging'
+import {CanonicalResolver} from '../service/Canonical'
+import {Middleware} from '../http/routing/Middleware'
+import {SessionAuthMiddleware} from './middleware/SessionAuthMiddleware'
+import {AuthRequiredMiddleware} from './middleware/AuthRequiredMiddleware'
+import {GuestRequiredMiddleware} from './middleware/GuestRequiredMiddleware'
+import {Middlewares} from '../service/Middlewares'
+
+/**
+ * Unit class that bootstraps the authentication framework.
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class Authentication extends Unit {
+    @Inject()
+    protected readonly logging!: Logging
+
+    @Inject()
+    protected readonly middleware!: Middlewares
+
+    async up(): Promise<void> {
+        this.container()
+        this.middleware.registerNamespace('@auth', this.getMiddlewareResolver())
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create the canonical namespace resolver for auth middleware.
+     * @protected
+     */
+    protected getMiddlewareResolver(): CanonicalResolver<StaticClass<Middleware, Instantiable<Middleware>>> {
+        return (key: string) => {
+            return ({
+                web: SessionAuthMiddleware,
+                required: AuthRequiredMiddleware,
+                guest: GuestRequiredMiddleware,
+            })[key]
+        }
+    }
+}

src/auth/NotAuthorizedError.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import {HTTPError} from '../http/HTTPError'
+import {HTTPStatus} from '../util'
+
+/**
+ * Error thrown when a user attempts an action that they are not authorized to perform.
+ */
+export class NotAuthorizedError extends HTTPError {
+    constructor(message = 'Not Authorized') {
+        super(HTTPStatus.FORBIDDEN, message)
+    }
+}

src/auth/SecurityContext.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+import {Inject, Injectable} from '../di'
+import {EventBus} from '../event/EventBus'
+import {Awaitable, Maybe} from '../util'
+import {Authenticatable, AuthenticatableRepository} from './types'
+import {UserAuthenticatedEvent} from './event/UserAuthenticatedEvent'
+import {UserFlushedEvent} from './event/UserFlushedEvent'
+import {UserAuthenticationResumedEvent} from './event/UserAuthenticationResumedEvent'
+
+/**
+ * Base-class for a context that authenticates users and manages security.
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export abstract class SecurityContext {
+    @Inject()
+    protected readonly bus!: EventBus
+
+    /** The currently authenticated user, if one exists. */
+    private authenticatedUser?: Authenticatable
+
+    constructor(
+        /** The repository from which to draw users. */
+        public readonly repository: AuthenticatableRepository,
+
+        /** The name of this context. */
+        public readonly name: string,
+    ) { }
+
+    /**
+     * Called when the context is created. Can be used by child-classes to do setup work.
+     */
+    initialize(): Awaitable<void> {}  // eslint-disable-line @typescript-eslint/no-empty-function
+
+    /**
+     * Authenticate the given user, without persisting the authentication.
+     * That is, when the lifecycle ends, the user will be unauthenticated implicitly.
+     * @param user
+     */
+    async authenticateOnce(user: Authenticatable): Promise<void> {
+        this.authenticatedUser = user
+        await this.bus.dispatch(new UserAuthenticatedEvent(user, this))
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Authenticate the given user and persist the authentication.
+     * @param user
+     */
+    async authenticate(user: Authenticatable): Promise<void> {
+        this.authenticatedUser = user
+        await this.persist()
+        await this.bus.dispatch(new UserAuthenticatedEvent(user, this))
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attempt to authenticate a user based on their credentials.
+     * If the credentials are valid, the user will be authenticated, but the authentication
+     * will not be persisted. That is, when the lifecycle ends, the user will be
+     * unauthenticated implicitly.
+     * @param credentials
+     */
+    async attemptOnce(credentials: Record<string, string>): Promise<Maybe<Authenticatable>> {
+        const user = await this.repository.getByCredentials(credentials)
+        if ( user ) {
+            await this.authenticateOnce(user)
+            return user
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attempt to authenticate a user based on their credentials.
+     * If the credentials are valid, the user will be authenticated and the
+     * authentication will be persisted.
+     * @param credentials
+     */
+    async attempt(credentials: Record<string, string>): Promise<Maybe<Authenticatable>> {
+        const user = await this.repository.getByCredentials(credentials)
+        if ( user ) {
+            await this.authenticate(user)
+            return user
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unauthenticate the current user, if one exists, but do not persist the change.
+     */
+    async flushOnce(): Promise<void> {
+        const user = this.authenticatedUser
+        if ( user ) {
+            this.authenticatedUser = undefined
+            await this.bus.dispatch(new UserFlushedEvent(user, this))
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unauthenticate the current user, if one exists, and persist the change.
+     */
+    async flush(): Promise<void> {
+        const user = this.authenticatedUser
+        if ( user ) {
+            this.authenticatedUser = undefined
+            await this.persist()
+            await this.bus.dispatch(new UserFlushedEvent(user, this))
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Assuming a user is still authenticated in the context,
+     * try to look up and fill in the user.
+     */
+    async resume(): Promise<void> {
+        const credentials = await this.getCredentials()
+        const user = await this.repository.getByCredentials(credentials)
+        if ( user ) {
+            this.authenticatedUser = user
+            await this.bus.dispatch(new UserAuthenticationResumedEvent(user, this))
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write the current state of the security context to whatever storage
+     * medium the context's host provides.
+     */
+    abstract persist(): Awaitable<void>
+
+    /**
+     * Get the credentials for the current user from whatever storage medium
+     * the context's host provides.
+     */
+    abstract getCredentials(): Awaitable<Record<string, string>>
+
+    /**
+     * Get the currently authenticated user, if one exists.
+     */
+    getUser(): Maybe<Authenticatable> {
+        return this.authenticatedUser
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if there is a currently authenticated user.
+     */
+    hasUser(): boolean {
+        return Boolean(this.authenticatedUser)
+    }
+}

src/auth/config.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import {Instantiable} from '../di'
+import {ORMUserRepository} from './orm/ORMUserRepository'
+
+/**
+ * Inferface for type-checking the AuthenticatableRepositories values.
+ */
+export interface AuthenticatableRepositoryMapping {
+    orm: Instantiable<ORMUserRepository>,
+}
+
+/**
+ * String mapping of AuthenticatableRepository implementations.
+ */
+export const AuthenticatableRepositories: AuthenticatableRepositoryMapping = {
+    orm: ORMUserRepository,
+}
+
+/**
+ * Interface for making the auth config type-safe.
+ */
+export interface AuthConfig {
+    repositories: {
+        session: keyof AuthenticatableRepositoryMapping,
+    }
+}

src/auth/contexts/SessionSecurityContext.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import {SecurityContext} from '../SecurityContext'
+import {Inject, Injectable} from '../../di'
+import {Session} from '../../http/session/Session'
+import {Awaitable} from '../../util'
+import {AuthenticatableRepository} from '../types'
+
+/**
+ * Security context implementation that uses the session as storage.
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class SessionSecurityContext extends SecurityContext {
+    @Inject()
+    protected readonly session!: Session
+
+    constructor(
+        /** The repository from which to draw users. */
+        public readonly repository: AuthenticatableRepository,
+    ) {
+        super(repository, 'session')
+    }
+
+    getCredentials(): Awaitable<Record<string, string>> {
+        return {
+            securityIdentifier: this.session.get('extollo.auth.securityIdentifier'),
+        }
+    }
+
+    persist(): Awaitable<void> {
+        this.session.set('extollo.auth.securityIdentifier', this.getUser()?.getIdentifier())
+    }
+}

src/auth/event/UserAuthenticatedEvent.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import {Event} from '../../event/Event'
+import {SecurityContext} from '../SecurityContext'
+import {Awaitable, JSONState} from '../../util'
+import {Authenticatable} from '../types'
+
+/**
+ * Event fired when a user is authenticated.
+ */
+export class UserAuthenticatedEvent extends Event {
+    constructor(
+        public readonly user: Authenticatable,
+        public readonly context: SecurityContext,
+    ) {
+        super()
+    }
+
+    async dehydrate(): Promise<JSONState> {
+        return {
+            user: await this.user.dehydrate(),
+            contextName: this.context.name,
+        }
+    }
+
+    rehydrate(state: JSONState): Awaitable<void> {  // eslint-disable-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars
+        // TODO fill this in
+    }
+}

src/auth/event/UserAuthenticationResumedEvent.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import {Event} from '../../event/Event'
+import {SecurityContext} from '../SecurityContext'
+import {Awaitable, JSONState} from '../../util'
+import {Authenticatable} from '../types'
+
+/**
+ * Event fired when a security context for a given user is resumed.
+ */
+export class UserAuthenticationResumedEvent extends Event {
+    constructor(
+        public readonly user: Authenticatable,
+        public readonly context: SecurityContext,
+    ) {
+        super()
+    }
+
+    async dehydrate(): Promise<JSONState> {
+        return {
+            user: await this.user.dehydrate(),
+            contextName: this.context.name,
+        }
+    }
+
+    rehydrate(state: JSONState): Awaitable<void> {  // eslint-disable-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars
+        // TODO fill this in
+    }
+}

src/auth/event/UserFlushedEvent.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import {Event} from '../../event/Event'
+import {SecurityContext} from '../SecurityContext'
+import {Awaitable, JSONState} from '../../util'
+import {Authenticatable} from '../types'
+
+/**
+ * Event fired when a user is unauthenticated.
+ */
+export class UserFlushedEvent extends Event {
+    constructor(
+        public readonly user: Authenticatable,
+        public readonly context: SecurityContext,
+    ) {
+        super()
+    }
+
+    async dehydrate(): Promise<JSONState> {
+        return {
+            user: await this.user.dehydrate(),
+            contextName: this.context.name,
+        }
+    }
+
+    rehydrate(state: JSONState): Awaitable<void> {  // eslint-disable-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars
+        // TODO fill this in
+    }
+}

src/auth/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+export * from './types'
+export * from './NotAuthorizedError'
+
+export * from './SecurityContext'
+
+export * from './event/UserAuthenticatedEvent'
+export * from './event/UserFlushedEvent'
+export * from './event/UserAuthenticationResumedEvent'
+
+export * from './contexts/SessionSecurityContext'
+
+export * from './orm/ORMUser'
+export * from './orm/ORMUserRepository'
+
+export * from './middleware/AuthRequiredMiddleware'
+export * from './middleware/GuestRequiredMiddleware'
+export * from './middleware/SessionAuthMiddleware'
+
+export * from './Authentication'
+
+export * from './config'

src/auth/middleware/AuthRequiredMiddleware.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import {Middleware} from '../../http/routing/Middleware'
+import {Inject, Injectable} from '../../di'
+import {SecurityContext} from '../SecurityContext'
+import {ResponseObject} from '../../http/routing/Route'
+import {error} from '../../http/response/ErrorResponseFactory'
+import {NotAuthorizedError} from '../NotAuthorizedError'
+import {HTTPStatus} from '../../util'
+
+@Injectable()
+export class AuthRequiredMiddleware extends Middleware {
+    @Inject()
+    protected readonly security!: SecurityContext
+
+    async apply(): Promise<ResponseObject> {
+        if ( !this.security.hasUser() ) {
+            return error(new NotAuthorizedError(), HTTPStatus.FORBIDDEN)
+        }
+    }
+}

src/auth/middleware/GuestRequiredMiddleware.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import {Middleware} from '../../http/routing/Middleware'
+import {Inject, Injectable} from '../../di'
+import {SecurityContext} from '../SecurityContext'
+import {ResponseObject} from '../../http/routing/Route'
+import {error} from '../../http/response/ErrorResponseFactory'
+import {NotAuthorizedError} from '../NotAuthorizedError'
+import {HTTPStatus} from '../../util'
+
+@Injectable()
+export class GuestRequiredMiddleware extends Middleware {
+    @Inject()
+    protected readonly security!: SecurityContext
+
+    async apply(): Promise<ResponseObject> {
+        if ( this.security.hasUser() ) {
+            return error(new NotAuthorizedError(), HTTPStatus.FORBIDDEN)
+        }
+    }
+}

src/auth/middleware/SessionAuthMiddleware.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import {Middleware} from '../../http/routing/Middleware'
+import {Inject, Injectable} from '../../di'
+import {ResponseObject} from '../../http/routing/Route'
+import {Config} from '../../service/Config'
+import {AuthenticatableRepository} from '../types'
+import {SessionSecurityContext} from '../contexts/SessionSecurityContext'
+import {SecurityContext} from '../SecurityContext'
+import {ORMUserRepository} from '../orm/ORMUserRepository'
+import {AuthConfig, AuthenticatableRepositories} from '../config'
+import {Logging} from '../../service/Logging'
+
+/**
+ * Injects a SessionSecurityContext into the request and attempts to
+ * resume the user's authentication.
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class SessionAuthMiddleware extends Middleware {
+    @Inject()
+    protected readonly config!: Config
+
+    @Inject()
+    protected readonly logging!: Logging
+
+    async apply(): Promise<ResponseObject> {
+        this.logging.debug('Applying session auth middleware...')
+        const context = <SessionSecurityContext> this.make(SessionSecurityContext, this.getRepository())
+        this.request.registerSingletonInstance(SecurityContext, context)
+        await context.resume()
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Build the correct AuthenticatableRepository based on the auth config.
+     * @protected
+     */
+    protected getRepository(): AuthenticatableRepository {
+        const config: AuthConfig | undefined = this.config.get('auth')
+        const repo: typeof AuthenticatableRepository = AuthenticatableRepositories[config?.repositories?.session ?? 'orm']
+        return this.make<AuthenticatableRepository>(repo ?? ORMUserRepository)
+    }
+}

src/auth/orm/ORMUser.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+import {Field, FieldType, Model} from '../../orm'
+import {Authenticatable, AuthenticatableIdentifier} from '../types'
+import {Injectable} from '../../di'
+import * as bcrypt from 'bcrypt'
+import {Awaitable, JSONState} from '../../util'
+
+/**
+ * A basic ORM-driven user class.
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class ORMUser extends Model<ORMUser> implements Authenticatable {
+
+    protected static table = 'users'
+
+    protected static key = 'user_id'
+
+    /** The primary key of the user in the table. */
+    @Field(FieldType.serial, 'user_id')
+    public userId!: number
+
+    /** The unique string-identifier of the user. */
+    @Field(FieldType.varchar)
+    public username!: string
+
+    /** The user's first name. */
+    @Field(FieldType.varchar, 'first_name')
+    public firstName!: string
+
+    /** The user's last name. */
+    @Field(FieldType.varchar, 'last_name')
+    public lastName!: string
+
+    /** The hashed and salted password of the user. */
+    @Field(FieldType.varchar, 'password_hash')
+    public passwordHash!: string
+
+    /** Human-readable display name of the user. */
+    getDisplayIdentifier(): string {
+        return `${this.firstName} ${this.lastName}`
+    }
+
+    /** Unique identifier of the user. */
+    getIdentifier(): AuthenticatableIdentifier {
+        return this.username
+    }
+
+    /** Check if the provided password is valid for the user. */
+    verifyPassword(password: string): Awaitable<boolean> {
+        return bcrypt.compare(password, this.passwordHash)
+    }
+
+    /** Change the user's password, hashing it. */
+    async setPassword(password: string): Promise<void> {
+        this.passwordHash = await bcrypt.hash(password, 10)
+    }
+
+    async dehydrate(): Promise<JSONState> {
+        return this.toQueryRow()
+    }
+
+    async rehydrate(state: JSONState): Promise<void> {
+        await this.assumeFromSource(state)
+    }
+}

src/auth/orm/ORMUserRepository.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import {Authenticatable, AuthenticatableIdentifier, AuthenticatableRepository} from '../types'
+import {Awaitable, Maybe} from '../../util'
+import {ORMUser} from './ORMUser'
+import {Injectable} from '../../di'
+
+/**
+ * A user repository implementation that looks up users stored in the database.
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class ORMUserRepository extends AuthenticatableRepository {
+    /** Look up the user by their username. */
+    getByIdentifier(id: AuthenticatableIdentifier): Awaitable<Maybe<Authenticatable>> {
+        return ORMUser.query<ORMUser>()
+            .where('username', '=', id)
+            .first()
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Try to look up a user by the credentials provided.
+     * If a securityIdentifier is specified, look up the user by username.
+     * If username/password are specified, look up the user and verify the password.
+     * @param credentials
+     */
+    async getByCredentials(credentials: Record<string, string>): Promise<Maybe<Authenticatable>> {
+        if ( credentials.securityIdentifier ) {
+            return ORMUser.query<ORMUser>()
+                .where('username', '=', credentials.securityIdentifier)
+                .first()
+        }
+
+        if ( credentials.username && credentials.password ) {
+            const user = await ORMUser.query<ORMUser>()
+                .where('username', '=', credentials.username)
+                .first()
+
+            if ( user && await user.verifyPassword(credentials.password) ) {
+                return user
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/auth/types.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import {Awaitable, JSONState, Maybe, Rehydratable} from '../util'
+
+/** Value that can be used to uniquely identify a user. */
+export type AuthenticatableIdentifier = string | number
+
+/**
+ * Base class for entities that can be authenticated.
+ */
+export abstract class Authenticatable implements Rehydratable {
+
+    /** Get the unique identifier of the user. */
+    abstract getIdentifier(): AuthenticatableIdentifier
+
+    /** Get the human-readable identifier of the user. */
+    abstract getDisplayIdentifier(): string
+
+    abstract dehydrate(): Promise<JSONState>
+
+    abstract rehydrate(state: JSONState): Awaitable<void>
+}
+
+/**
+ * Base class for a repository that stores and recalls users.
+ */
+export abstract class AuthenticatableRepository {
+
+    /** Look up the user by their unique identifier. */
+    abstract getByIdentifier(id: AuthenticatableIdentifier): Awaitable<Maybe<Authenticatable>>
+
+    /**
+     * Attempt to look up and verify a user by their credentials.
+     * Returns the user if the credentials are valid.
+     * @param credentials
+     */
+    abstract getByCredentials(credentials: Record<string, string>): Awaitable<Maybe<Authenticatable>>
+}

src/cli/Directive.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-import {Injectable, Inject} from "../di"
+import {Injectable, Inject} from '../di'
-import {infer, ErrorWithContext} from "../util"
+import {infer, ErrorWithContext} from '../util'
-import {CLIOption} from "./directive/options/CLIOption"
+import {CLIOption} from './directive/options/CLIOption'
-import {PositionalOption} from "./directive/options/PositionalOption";
+import {PositionalOption} from './directive/options/PositionalOption'
-import {FlagOption} from "./directive/options/FlagOption";
+import {FlagOption} from './directive/options/FlagOption'
-import {AppClass} from "../lifecycle/AppClass";
+import {AppClass} from '../lifecycle/AppClass'
-import {Logging} from "../service/Logging";
+import {Logging} from '../service/Logging'
 
 /**
  * Type alias for a definition of a command-line option.
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ export abstract class Directive extends AppClass {
     protected readonly logging!: Logging
 
     /** Parsed option values. */
-    private _optionValues: any
+    private optionValues: any
 
     /**
      * Get the keyword or array of keywords that will specify this directive.
@@ -84,8 +84,8 @@ export abstract class Directive extends AppClass {
      * @param optionValues
      * @private
      */
-    private _setOptionValues(optionValues: any) {
+    private setOptionValues(optionValues: any) {
-        this._optionValues = optionValues;
+        this.optionValues = optionValues
     }
 
     /**
@@ -93,9 +93,9 @@ export abstract class Directive extends AppClass {
      * @param name
      * @param defaultValue
      */
-    public option(name: string, defaultValue?: any) {
+    public option(name: string, defaultValue?: unknown): any {
-        if ( name in this._optionValues ) {
+        if ( name in this.optionValues ) {
-            return this._optionValues[name]
+            return this.optionValues[name]
         }
 
         return defaultValue
@@ -110,20 +110,28 @@ export abstract class Directive extends AppClass {
      *
      * @param argv
      */
-    async invoke(argv: string[]) {
+    async invoke(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
         const options = this.getResolvedOptions()
 
         if ( this.didRequestUsage(argv) ) {
-            // @ts-ignore
+            const positionalArguments: PositionalOption<any>[] = []
-            const positionalArguments: PositionalOption<any>[] = options.filter(opt => opt instanceof PositionalOption)
+            options.forEach(opt => {
+                if ( opt instanceof PositionalOption ) {
+                    positionalArguments.push(opt)
+                }
+            })
 
-            // @ts-ignore
+            const flagArguments: FlagOption<any>[] = []
-            const flagArguments: FlagOption<any>[] = options.filter(opt => opt instanceof FlagOption)
+            options.forEach(opt => {
+                if ( opt instanceof FlagOption ) {
+                    flagArguments.push(opt)
+                }
+            })
 
             const positionalDisplay: string = positionalArguments.map(x => `<${x.getArgumentName()}>`).join(' ')
             const flagDisplay: string = flagArguments.length ? ' [...flags]' : ''
 
-            console.log([
+            this.nativeOutput([
                 '',
                 `DIRECTIVE: ${this.getMainKeyword()}  -  ${this.getDescription()}`,
                 '',
@@ -131,7 +139,7 @@ export abstract class Directive extends AppClass {
             ].join('\n'))
 
             if ( positionalArguments.length ) {
-                console.log([
+                this.nativeOutput([
                     '',
                     `POSITIONAL ARGUMENTS:`,
                     ...(positionalArguments.map(arg => {
@@ -141,7 +149,7 @@ export abstract class Directive extends AppClass {
             }
 
             if ( flagArguments.length ) {
-                console.log([
+                this.nativeOutput([
                     '',
                     `FLAGS:`,
                     ...(flagArguments.map(arg => {
@@ -152,34 +160,34 @@ export abstract class Directive extends AppClass {
 
             const help = this.getHelpText()
             if ( help ) {
-                console.log('\n' + help)
+                this.nativeOutput('\n' + help)
             }
 
-            console.log('\n')
+            this.nativeOutput('\n')
         } else {
             try {
                 const optionValues = this.parseOptions(options, argv)
-                this._setOptionValues(optionValues)
+                this.setOptionValues(optionValues)
                 await this.handle(argv)
             } catch (e) {
-                console.error(e.message)
+                this.nativeOutput(e.message)
                 if ( e instanceof OptionValidationError ) {
                     // expecting, value, requirements
                     if ( e.context.expecting ) {
-                        console.error(`  - Expecting: ${e.context.expecting}`)
+                        this.nativeOutput(`  - Expecting: ${e.context.expecting}`)
                     }
 
                     if ( e.context.requirements && Array.isArray(e.context.requirements) ) {
                         for ( const req of e.context.requirements ) {
-                            console.error(`  - ${req}`)
+                            this.nativeOutput(`  - ${req}`)
                         }
                     }
 
                     if ( e.context.value ) {
-                        console.error(`  - ${e.context.value}`)
+                        this.nativeOutput(`  - ${e.context.value}`)
                     }
                 }
-                console.error('\nUse --help for more info.')
+                this.nativeOutput('\nUse --help for more info.')
             }
         }
     }
@@ -217,9 +225,11 @@ export abstract class Directive extends AppClass {
      * Returns true if the given keyword should invoke this directive.
      * @param name
      */
-    public matchesKeyword(name: string) {
+    public matchesKeyword(name: string): boolean {
         let kws = this.getKeywords()
-        if ( !Array.isArray(kws) ) kws = [kws]
+        if ( !Array.isArray(kws) ) {
+            kws = [kws]
+        }
         return kws.includes(name)
     }
 
@@ -227,7 +237,7 @@ export abstract class Directive extends AppClass {
      * Print the given output to the log as success text.
      * @param output
      */
-    success(output: any) {
+    success(output: unknown): void {
         this.logging.success(output, true)
     }
 
@@ -235,7 +245,7 @@ export abstract class Directive extends AppClass {
      * Print the given output to the log as error text.
      * @param output
      */
-    error(output: any) {
+    error(output: unknown): void {
         this.logging.error(output, true)
     }
 
@@ -243,7 +253,7 @@ export abstract class Directive extends AppClass {
      * Print the given output to the log as warning text.
      * @param output
      */
-    warn(output: any) {
+    warn(output: unknown): void {
         this.logging.warn(output, true)
     }
 
@@ -251,7 +261,7 @@ export abstract class Directive extends AppClass {
      * Print the given output to the log as info text.
      * @param output
      */
-    info(output: any) {
+    info(output: unknown): void {
         this.logging.info(output, true)
     }
 
@@ -259,7 +269,7 @@ export abstract class Directive extends AppClass {
      * Print the given output to the log as debugging text.
      * @param output
      */
-    debug(output: any) {
+    debug(output: unknown): void {
         this.logging.debug(output, true)
     }
 
@@ -267,7 +277,7 @@ export abstract class Directive extends AppClass {
      * Print the given output to the log as verbose text.
      * @param output
      */
-    verbose(output: any) {
+    verbose(output: unknown): void {
         this.logging.verbose(output, true)
     }
 
@@ -275,7 +285,7 @@ export abstract class Directive extends AppClass {
      * Get the flag option that signals help. Usually, this is named 'help'
      * and supports the flags '--help' and '-?'.
      */
-    getHelpOption() {
+    getHelpOption(): FlagOption<any> {
         return new FlagOption('--help', '-?', 'usage information about this directive')
     }
 
@@ -283,12 +293,21 @@ export abstract class Directive extends AppClass {
      * Process the raw CLI arguments using an array of option class instances to build
      * a mapping of option names to provided values.
      */
-    parseOptions(options: CLIOption<any>[], args: string[]) {
+    parseOptions(options: CLIOption<any>[], args: string[]): {[key: string]: any} {
-        // @ts-ignore
+        let positionalArguments: PositionalOption<any>[] = []
-        let positionalArguments: PositionalOption<any>[] = options.filter(cls => cls instanceof PositionalOption)
+        options.forEach(opt => {
+            if ( opt instanceof PositionalOption ) {
+                positionalArguments.push(opt)
+            }
+        })
+
+        const flagArguments: FlagOption<any>[] = []
+        options.forEach(opt => {
+            if ( opt instanceof FlagOption ) {
+                flagArguments.push(opt)
+            }
+        })
 
-        // @ts-ignore
-        const flagArguments: FlagOption<any>[] = options.filter(cls => cls instanceof FlagOption)
         const optionValue: any = {}
 
         flagArguments.push(this.getHelpOption())
@@ -325,7 +344,7 @@ export abstract class Directive extends AppClass {
                     const flagArgument = flagArguments.filter(x => x.shortFlag === value)
                     if ( flagArgument.length < 1 ) {
                         throw new OptionValidationError(`Unknown flag argument: ${value}`, {
-                            value
+                            value,
                         })
                     } else {
                         if ( flagArgument[0].argumentDescription ) {
@@ -350,7 +369,7 @@ export abstract class Directive extends AppClass {
             } else {
                 if ( positionalArguments.length < 1 ) {
                     throw new OptionValidationError(`Unknown positional argument: ${value}`, {
-                        value
+                        value,
                     })
                 } else {
                     const inferredValue = infer(value)
@@ -368,13 +387,13 @@ export abstract class Directive extends AppClass {
 
         if ( expectingFlagArgument ) {
             throw new OptionValidationError(`Missing argument for flag: ${positionalFlagName}`, {
-                expecting: positionalFlagName
+                expecting: positionalFlagName,
             })
         }
 
         if ( positionalArguments.length > 0 ) {
             throw new OptionValidationError(`Missing required argument: ${positionalArguments[0].getArgumentName()}`, {
-                expecting: positionalArguments[0].getArgumentName()
+                expecting: positionalArguments[0].getArgumentName(),
             })
         }
 
@@ -430,14 +449,18 @@ export abstract class Directive extends AppClass {
      * Determines if, at any point in the arguments, the help option's short or long flag appears.
      * @returns {boolean} - true if the help flag appeared
      */
-    didRequestUsage(argv: string[]) {
+    didRequestUsage(argv: string[]): boolean {
-        const help_option = this.getHelpOption()
+        const helpOption = this.getHelpOption()
         for ( const arg of argv ) {
-            if ( arg.trim() === help_option.longFlag || arg.trim() === help_option.shortFlag ) {
+            if ( arg.trim() === helpOption.longFlag || arg.trim() === helpOption.shortFlag ) {
                 return true
             }
         }
 
         return false
     }
+
+    protected nativeOutput(...outputs: any[]): void {
+        console.log(...outputs)  // eslint-disable-line no-console
+    }
 }

src/cli/directive/RouteDirective.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+import {Directive, OptionDefinition} from '../Directive'
+import {Inject, Injectable} from '../../di'
+import {Routing} from '../../service/Routing'
+import Table = require('cli-table')
+import {RouteHandler} from '../../http/routing/Route'
+
+@Injectable()
+export class RouteDirective extends Directive {
+    @Inject()
+    protected readonly routing!: Routing
+
+    getDescription(): string {
+        return 'Get information about a specific route'
+    }
+
+    getKeywords(): string | string[] {
+        return ['route']
+    }
+
+    getOptions(): OptionDefinition[] {
+        return [
+            '{route} | the path of the route',
+            '--method -m {value} | the HTTP method of the route',
+        ]
+    }
+
+    async handle(): Promise<void> {
+        const method: string | undefined = this.option('method')
+            ?.toLowerCase()
+            ?.trim()
+
+        const route: string = this.option('route')
+            .toLowerCase()
+            .trim()
+
+        this.routing.getCompiled()
+            .filter(match => match.getRoute().trim() === route && (!method || match.getMethod() === method))
+            .tap(matches => {
+                if ( !matches.length ) {
+                    this.error('No matching routes found. (Use `./ex routes` to list)')
+                    process.exitCode = 1
+                }
+            })
+            .each(match => {
+                const pre = match.getMiddlewares()
+                    .where('stage', '=', 'pre')
+                    .map<[string, string]>(ware => [ware.stage, this.handlerToString(ware.handler)])
+
+                const post = match.getMiddlewares()
+                    .where('stage', '=', 'post')
+                    .map<[string, string]>(ware => [ware.stage, this.handlerToString(ware.handler)])
+
+                const maxLen = match.getMiddlewares().max(ware => this.handlerToString(ware.handler).length)
+
+                const table = new Table({
+                    head: ['Stage', 'Handler'],
+                    colWidths: [10, Math.max(maxLen, match.getDisplayableHandler().length) + 2],
+                })
+
+                table.push(...pre.toArray())
+                table.push(['handler', match.getDisplayableHandler()])
+                table.push(...post.toArray())
+
+                this.info(`\nRoute: ${match}\n\n${table}`)
+            })
+    }
+
+    protected handlerToString(handler: RouteHandler): string {
+        return typeof handler === 'string' ? handler : '(anonymous function)'
+    }
+}

src/cli/directive/RoutesDirective.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import {Directive} from '../Directive'
+import {Inject, Injectable} from '../../di'
+import {Routing} from '../../service/Routing'
+import Table = require('cli-table')
+
+@Injectable()
+export class RoutesDirective extends Directive {
+    @Inject()
+    protected readonly routing!: Routing
+
+    getDescription(): string {
+        return 'List routes registered in the application'
+    }
+
+    getKeywords(): string | string[] {
+        return ['routes']
+    }
+
+    async handle(): Promise<void> {
+        const maxRouteLength = this.routing.getCompiled().max(route => String(route).length)
+        const maxHandlerLength = this.routing.getCompiled().max(route => route.getDisplayableHandler().length)
+        const rows = this.routing.getCompiled().map<[string, string]>(route => [String(route), route.getDisplayableHandler()])
+
+        const table = new Table({
+            head: ['Route', 'Handler'],
+            colWidths: [maxRouteLength + 2, maxHandlerLength + 2],
+        })
+
+        table.push(...rows.toArray())
+
+        this.info('\n' + table)
+    }
+}

src/cli/directive/RunDirective.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-import {Directive} from "../Directive"
+import {Directive} from '../Directive'
-import {CommandLineApplication} from "../service"
+import {CommandLineApplication} from '../service'
-import {Injectable} from "../../di"
+import {Injectable} from '../../di'
-import {ErrorWithContext} from "../../util"
+import {ErrorWithContext} from '../../util'
-import {Unit} from "../../lifecycle/Unit";
+import {Unit} from '../../lifecycle/Unit'
 
 /**
  * A directive that starts the framework's final target normally.

src/cli/directive/ShellDirective.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-import {Directive} from "../Directive"
+import {Directive} from '../Directive'
-import * as colors from "colors/safe"
+import * as colors from 'colors/safe'
 import * as repl from 'repl'
-import {DependencyKey} from "../../di";
+import {DependencyKey} from '../../di'
 
 /**
  * Launch an interactive REPL shell from within the application.
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import {DependencyKey} from "../../di";
  */
 export class ShellDirective extends Directive {
     protected options: any = {
-        welcome: `powered by Extollo, © ${(new Date).getFullYear()} Garrett Mills\nAccess your application using the "app" global.`,
+        welcome: `powered by Extollo, © ${(new Date()).getFullYear()} Garrett Mills\nAccess your application using the "app" global.`,
         prompt: `${colors.blue('(')}extollo${colors.blue(') ➤ ')}`,
     }
 
@@ -34,11 +34,12 @@ export class ShellDirective extends Directive {
     async handle(): Promise<void> {
         const state: any = {
             app: this.app(),
+            lib: await import('../../index'),
             make: (target: DependencyKey, ...parameters: any[]) => this.make(target, ...parameters),
         }
 
         await new Promise<void>(res => {
-            console.log(this.options.welcome)
+            this.nativeOutput(this.options.welcome)
             this.repl = repl.start(this.options.prompt)
             Object.assign(this.repl.context, state)
             this.repl.on('exit', () => res())

src/cli/directive/TemplateDirective.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-import {Directive, OptionDefinition} from "../Directive"
+import {Directive, OptionDefinition} from '../Directive'
-import {PositionalOption} from "./options/PositionalOption"
+import {PositionalOption} from './options/PositionalOption'
-import {CommandLine} from "../service"
+import {CommandLine} from '../service'
-import {Inject, Injectable} from "../../di";
+import {Inject, Injectable} from '../../di'
-import {ErrorWithContext} from "../../util";
+import {ErrorWithContext} from '../../util'
 
 /**
  * Create a new file based on a template registered with the CommandLine service.
@@ -46,11 +46,11 @@ export class TemplateDirective extends Directive {
             '',
             ...(registeredTemplates.map(template => {
                 return `  - ${template.name}: ${template.description}`
-            }).all())
+            }).all()),
         ].join('\n')
     }
 
-    async handle(argv: string[]) {
+    async handle(): Promise<void> {
         const templateName: string = this.option('template_name')
         const destinationName: string = this.option('file_name')
 

src/cli/directive/UsageDirective.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-import {Directive} from "../Directive"
+import {Directive} from '../Directive'
-import {Injectable, Inject} from "../../di"
+import {Injectable, Inject} from '../../di'
-import {padRight} from "../../util"
+import {padRight} from '../../util'
-import {CommandLine} from "../service"
+import {CommandLine} from '../service'
 
 /**
  * Directive that prints the help message and usage information about
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ export class UsageDirective extends Directive {
         return 'print information about available commands'
     }
 
-    public handle(argv: string[]): void | Promise<void> {
+    public handle(): void | Promise<void> {
         const directiveStrings = this.cli.getDirectives()
             .map(cls => this.make<Directive>(cls))
             .map<[string, string]>(dir => {
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ export class UsageDirective extends Directive {
             })
             .toArray()
 
-        console.log(this.cli.getASCIILogo())
+        this.nativeOutput(this.cli.getASCIILogo())
-        console.log([
+        this.nativeOutput([
             '',
             'Welcome to Extollo! Specify a command to get started.',
             '',
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ export class UsageDirective extends Directive {
             '',
             'For usage information about a particular command, pass the --help flag.',
             '-------------------------------------------',
-            `powered by Extollo, © ${(new Date).getFullYear()} Garrett Mills`,
+            `powered by Extollo, © ${(new Date()).getFullYear()} Garrett Mills`,
         ].join('\n'))
     }
 }

src/cli/directive/options/CLIOption.ts

@@ -9,200 +9,207 @@ export abstract class CLIOption<T> {
      * @type {boolean}
      * @private
      */
-    protected _useWhitelist: boolean = false
+    protected useWhitelist = false
 
     /**
      * Do we use the blacklist?
      * @type {boolean}
      * @private
      */
-    protected _useBlacklist: boolean = false
+    protected useBlacklist = false
 
     /**
      * Do we use the less-than comparison?
      * @type {boolean}
      * @private
      */
-    protected _useLessThan: boolean = false
+    protected useLessThan = false
 
     /**
      * Do we use the greater-than comparison?
      * @type {boolean}
      * @private
      */
-    protected _useGreaterThan: boolean = false
+    protected useGreaterThan = false
 
     /**
      * Do we use the equality operator?
      * @type {boolean}
      * @private
      */
-    protected _useEquality: boolean = false
+    protected useEquality = false
 
     /**
      * Is this option optional?
      * @type {boolean}
      * @private
      */
-    protected _optional: boolean = false
+    protected isOptional = false
 
     /**
      * Whitelisted values.
      * @type {Array<*>}
      * @private
      */
-    protected _whitelist: T[] = []
+    protected whitelistItems: T[] = []
 
     /**
      * Blacklisted values.
      * @type {Array<*>}
      * @private
      */
-    protected _blacklist: T[] = []
+    protected blacklistItems: T[] = []
 
     /**
      * Value to be compared in less than.
      * @type {*}
      * @private
      */
-    protected _lessThanValue?: T
+    protected lessThanValue?: T
 
     /**
      * If true, the less than will be less than or equal to.
      * @type {boolean}
      * @private
      */
-    protected _lessThanBit: boolean = false
+    protected lessThanBit = false
 
     /**
      * Value to be compared in greater than.
      * @type {*}
      * @private
      */
-    protected _greaterThanValue?: T
+    protected greaterThanValue?: T
 
     /**
      * If true, the greater than will be greater than or equal to.
      * @type {boolean}
      * @private
      */
-    protected _greateerThanBit: boolean = false
+    protected greaterThanBit = false
 
     /**
      * The value to be used to check equality.
      * @type {*}
      * @private
      */
-    protected _equalityValue?: T
+    protected equalityValue?: T
 
     /**
      * Whitelist the specified item or items and enable the whitelist.
      * @param {...*} items - the items to whitelist
      */
-    whitelist(...items: T[]) {
+    whitelist(...items: T[]): this {
-        this._useWhitelist = true
+        this.useWhitelist = true
-        items.forEach(item => this._whitelist.push(item))
+        items.forEach(item => this.whitelistItems.push(item))
+        return this
     }
 
     /**
      * Blacklist the specified item or items and enable the blacklist.
      * @param {...*} items - the items to blacklist
      */
-    blacklist(...items: T[]) {
+    blacklist(...items: T[]): this {
-        this._useBlacklist = true
+        this.useBlacklist = true
-        items.forEach(item => this._blacklist.push(item))
+        items.forEach(item => this.blacklistItems.push(item))
+        return this
     }
 
     /**
      * Specifies the value to be used in less-than comparison and enables less-than comparison.
      * @param {*} value
      */
-    lessThan(value: T) {
+    lessThan(value: T): this {
-        this._useLessThan = true
+        this.useLessThan = true
-        this._lessThanValue = value
+        this.lessThanValue = value
+        return this
     }
 
     /**
      * Specifies the value to be used in less-than or equal-to comparison and enables that comparison.
      * @param {*} value
      */
-    lessThanOrEqualTo(value: T) {
+    lessThanOrEqualTo(value: T): this {
-        this._lessThanBit = true
+        this.lessThanBit = true
         this.lessThan(value)
+        return this
     }
 
     /**
      * Specifies the value to be used in greater-than comparison and enables that comparison.
      * @param {*} value
      */
-    greaterThan(value: T) {
+    greaterThan(value: T): this {
-        this._useGreaterThan = true
+        this.useGreaterThan = true
-        this._greaterThanValue = value
+        this.greaterThanValue = value
+        return this
     }
 
     /**
      * Specifies the value to be used in greater-than or equal-to comparison and enables that comparison.
      * @param {*} value
      */
-    greaterThanOrEqualTo(value: T) {
+    greaterThanOrEqualTo(value: T): this {
-        this._greateerThanBit = true
+        this.greaterThanBit = true
         this.greaterThan(value)
+        return this
     }
 
     /**
      * Specifies the value to be used in equality comparison and enables that comparison.
      * @param {*} value
      */
-    equals(value: T) {
+    equals(value: T): this {
-        this._useEquality = true
+        this.useEquality = true
-        this._equalityValue = value
+        this.equalityValue = value
+        return this
     }
 
     /**
      * Checks if the specified value passes the configured comparisons.
-     * @param {*} value
+     * @param value
      * @returns {boolean}
      */
-    validate(value: any) {
+    validate(value: T): boolean {
-        let is_valid = true
+        let isValid = true
-        if ( this._useEquality ) {
+        if ( this.useEquality ) {
-            is_valid = is_valid && (this._equalityValue === value)
+            isValid = isValid && (this.equalityValue === value)
         }
 
-        if ( this._useLessThan && typeof this._lessThanValue !== 'undefined' ) {
+        if ( this.useLessThan && typeof this.lessThanValue !== 'undefined' ) {
-            if ( this._lessThanBit ) {
+            if ( this.lessThanBit ) {
-                is_valid = is_valid && (value <= this._lessThanValue)
+                isValid = isValid && (value <= this.lessThanValue)
             } else {
-                is_valid = is_valid && (value < this._lessThanValue)
+                isValid = isValid && (value < this.lessThanValue)
             }
         }
 
-        if ( this._useGreaterThan && typeof this._greaterThanValue !== 'undefined' ) {
+        if ( this.useGreaterThan && typeof this.greaterThanValue !== 'undefined' ) {
-            if ( this._greateerThanBit ) {
+            if ( this.greaterThanBit ) {
-                is_valid = is_valid && (value >= this._greaterThanValue)
+                isValid = isValid && (value >= this.greaterThanValue)
             } else {
-                is_valid = is_valid && (value > this._greaterThanValue)
+                isValid = isValid && (value > this.greaterThanValue)
             }
         }
 
-        if ( this._useWhitelist ) {
+        if ( this.useWhitelist ) {
-            is_valid = is_valid && this._whitelist.some(x => {
+            isValid = isValid && this.whitelistItems.some(x => {
                 return x === value
             })
         }
 
-        if ( this._useBlacklist ) {
+        if ( this.useBlacklist ) {
-            is_valid = is_valid && !(this._blacklist.some(x => x === value))
+            isValid = isValid && !(this.blacklistItems.some(x => x === value))
         }
 
-        return is_valid
+        return isValid
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the Option as optional.
      */
-    optional() {
+    optional(): this {
-        this._optional = true
+        this.isOptional = true
         return this
     }
 
@@ -216,27 +223,27 @@ export abstract class CLIOption<T> {
      * Get an array of strings denoting the human-readable requirements for this option to be valid.
      * @returns {Array<string>}
      */
-    getRequirementDisplays() {
+    getRequirementDisplays(): string[] {
         const clauses = []
 
-        if ( this._useBlacklist ) {
+        if ( this.useBlacklist ) {
-            clauses.push(`must not be one of: ${this._blacklist.map(x => String(x)).join(', ')}`)
+            clauses.push(`must not be one of: ${this.blacklistItems.map(x => String(x)).join(', ')}`)
         }
 
-        if ( this._useWhitelist ) {
+        if ( this.useWhitelist ) {
-            clauses.push(`must be one of: ${this._whitelist.map(x => String(x)).join(', ')}`)
+            clauses.push(`must be one of: ${this.whitelistItems.map(x => String(x)).join(', ')}`)
         }
 
-        if ( this._useGreaterThan ) {
+        if ( this.useGreaterThan ) {
-            clauses.push(`must be greater than${this._greateerThanBit ? ' or equal to' : ''}: ${String(this._greaterThanValue)}`)
+            clauses.push(`must be greater than${this.greaterThanBit ? ' or equal to' : ''}: ${String(this.greaterThanValue)}`)
         }
 
-        if ( this._useLessThan ) {
+        if ( this.useLessThan ) {
-            clauses.push(`must be less than${this._lessThanBit ? ' or equal to' : ''}: ${String(this._lessThanValue)}`)
+            clauses.push(`must be less than${this.lessThanBit ? ' or equal to' : ''}: ${String(this.lessThanValue)}`)
         }
 
-        if ( this._useEquality ) {
+        if ( this.useEquality ) {
-            clauses.push(`must be equal to: ${String(this._equalityValue)}`)
+            clauses.push(`must be equal to: ${String(this.equalityValue)}`)
         }
 
         return clauses

src/cli/directive/options/FlagOption.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import {CLIOption} from "./CLIOption"
+import {CLIOption} from './CLIOption'
 
 /**
  * Non-positional, flag-based CLI option.
@@ -24,8 +24,10 @@ export class FlagOption<T> extends CLIOption<T> {
          * Description of the argument required by this flag.
          * If this is set, the flag will expect a positional argument to follow as a param.
          */
-        public readonly argumentDescription?: string
+        public readonly argumentDescription?: string,
-    ) { super() }
+    ) {
+        super()
+    }
 
     /**
      * Get the referential name for this option.
@@ -33,7 +35,7 @@ export class FlagOption<T> extends CLIOption<T> {
      * be found, the short flag (without the '-') is used.
      * @returns {string}
      */
-    getArgumentName() {
+    getArgumentName(): string {
         if ( this.longFlag ) {
             return this.longFlag.replace('--', '')
         } else if ( this.shortFlag ) {

src/cli/directive/options/PositionalOption.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import {CLIOption} from "./CLIOption"
+import {CLIOption} from './CLIOption'
 
 /**
  * A positional CLI option. Defined without a flag.
@@ -19,14 +19,16 @@ export class PositionalOption<T> extends CLIOption<T> {
         /**
          * A usage message describing this parameter.
          */
-        public readonly message: string = ''
+        public readonly message: string = '',
-    ) { super() }
+    ) {
+        super()
+    }
 
     /**
      * Gets the name of the option.
      * @returns {string}
      */
-    getArgumentName () {
+    getArgumentName(): string {
         return this.name
     }
 }

src/cli/service/CommandLine.ts

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
-import {Singleton, Instantiable, Inject} from "../../di"
+import {Singleton, Instantiable, Inject} from '../../di'
-import {Collection} from "../../util"
+import {Collection} from '../../util'
-import {CommandLineApplication} from "./CommandLineApplication"
+import {CommandLineApplication} from './CommandLineApplication'
-import {Directive} from "../Directive"
+import {Directive} from '../Directive'
-import {Template} from "../Template"
+import {Template} from '../Template'
-import {directive_template} from "../templates/directive"
+import {templateDirective} from '../templates/directive'
-import {unit_template} from "../templates/unit";
+import {templateUnit} from '../templates/unit'
-import {controller_template} from "../templates/controller";
+import {templateController} from '../templates/controller'
-import {middleware_template} from "../templates/middleware";
+import {templateMiddleware} from '../templates/middleware'
-import {routes_template} from "../templates/routes";
+import {templateRoutes} from '../templates/routes'
-import {config_template} from "../templates/config";
+import {templateConfig} from '../templates/config'
-import {Unit} from "../../lifecycle/Unit";
+import {Unit} from '../../lifecycle/Unit'
-import {Logging} from "../../service/Logging";
+import {Logging} from '../../service/Logging'
 
 /**
  * Service for managing directives, templates, and other resources related
@@ -27,28 +27,30 @@ export class CommandLine extends Unit {
     /** Templates registered with the CLI command. These can be created with the TemplateDirective. */
     protected templates: Collection<Template> = new Collection<Template>()
 
-    constructor() { super() }
+    constructor() {
+        super()
+    }
 
-    async up() {
+    async up(): Promise<void> {
-        this.registerTemplate(directive_template)
+        this.registerTemplate(templateDirective)
-        this.registerTemplate(unit_template)
+        this.registerTemplate(templateUnit)
-        this.registerTemplate(controller_template)
+        this.registerTemplate(templateController)
-        this.registerTemplate(middleware_template)
+        this.registerTemplate(templateMiddleware)
-        this.registerTemplate(routes_template)
+        this.registerTemplate(templateRoutes)
-        this.registerTemplate(config_template)
+        this.registerTemplate(templateConfig)
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns true if the application was started from the command line.
      */
-    public isCLI() {
+    public isCLI(): boolean {
         return this.app().hasUnit(CommandLineApplication)
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns a string containing the Extollo ASCII logo.
      */
-    public getASCIILogo() {
+    public getASCIILogo(): string {
         return `     _       
     / /\\       ______      _        _ _
    / /  \\     |  ____|    | |      | | |
@@ -64,24 +66,26 @@ export class CommandLine extends Unit {
      * the directive available for use on the CLI.
      * @param directiveClass
      */
-    public registerDirective(directiveClass: Instantiable<Directive>) {
+    public registerDirective(directiveClass: Instantiable<Directive>): this {
         if ( !this.directives.includes(directiveClass) ) {
             this.directives.push(directiveClass)
         }
+
+        return this
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns true if the given directive is registered with this service.
      * @param directiveClass
      */
-    public hasDirective(directiveClass: Instantiable<Directive>) {
+    public hasDirective(directiveClass: Instantiable<Directive>): boolean {
         return this.directives.includes(directiveClass)
     }
 
     /**
      * Get a collection of all registered directives.
      */
-    public getDirectives() {
+    public getDirectives(): Collection<Instantiable<Directive>> {
         return this.directives.clone()
     }
 
@@ -90,21 +94,23 @@ export class CommandLine extends Unit {
      * available for use with the TemplateDirective service.
      * @param template
      */
-    public registerTemplate(template: Template) {
+    public registerTemplate(template: Template): this {
         if ( !this.templates.firstWhere('name', '=', template.name) ) {
             this.templates.push(template)
         } else {
             this.logging.warn(`Duplicate template will not be registered: ${template.name}`)
             this.logging.debug(`Duplicate template registered at: ${(new Error()).stack}`)
         }
+
+        return this
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns true if a template with the given name exists.
      * @param name
      */
-    public hasTemplate(name: string) {
+    public hasTemplate(name: string): boolean {
-        return !!this.templates.firstWhere('name', '=', name)
+        return Boolean(this.templates.firstWhere('name', '=', name))
     }
 
     /**
@@ -118,7 +124,7 @@ export class CommandLine extends Unit {
     /**
      * Get a collection of all registered templates.
      */
-    public getTemplates() {
+    public getTemplates(): Collection<Template> {
         return this.templates.clone()
     }
 }

src/cli/service/CommandLineApplication.ts

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
-import {Unit} from "../../lifecycle/Unit"
+import {Unit} from '../../lifecycle/Unit'
-import {Logging} from "../../service/Logging";
+import {Logging} from '../../service/Logging'
-import {Singleton, Inject} from "../../di/decorator/injection"
+import {Singleton, Inject} from '../../di/decorator/injection'
-import {CommandLine} from "./CommandLine"
+import {CommandLine} from './CommandLine'
-import {UsageDirective} from "../directive/UsageDirective";
+import {UsageDirective} from '../directive/UsageDirective'
-import {Directive} from "../Directive";
+import {Directive} from '../Directive'
-import {ShellDirective} from "../directive/ShellDirective";
+import {ShellDirective} from '../directive/ShellDirective'
-import {TemplateDirective} from "../directive/TemplateDirective";
+import {TemplateDirective} from '../directive/TemplateDirective'
-import {RunDirective} from "../directive/RunDirective";
+import {RunDirective} from '../directive/RunDirective'
+import {RoutesDirective} from '../directive/RoutesDirective'
+import {RouteDirective} from '../directive/RouteDirective'
 
 /**
  * Unit that takes the place of the final unit in the application that handles
@@ -18,12 +20,12 @@ export class CommandLineApplication extends Unit {
     private static replacement?: typeof Unit
 
     /** Set the replaced unit. */
-    public static setReplacement(unitClass?: typeof Unit) {
+    public static setReplacement(unitClass?: typeof Unit): void {
         this.replacement = unitClass
     }
 
     /** Get the replaced unit. */
-    public static getReplacement() {
+    public static getReplacement(): typeof Unit | undefined {
         return this.replacement
     }
 
@@ -33,13 +35,17 @@ export class CommandLineApplication extends Unit {
     @Inject()
     protected readonly logging!: Logging
 
-    constructor() { super() }
+    constructor() {
+        super()
+    }
 
-    public async up() {
+    public async up(): Promise<void> {
         this.cli.registerDirective(UsageDirective)
         this.cli.registerDirective(ShellDirective)
         this.cli.registerDirective(TemplateDirective)
         this.cli.registerDirective(RunDirective)
+        this.cli.registerDirective(RoutesDirective)
+        this.cli.registerDirective(RouteDirective)
 
         const argv = process.argv.slice(2)
         const match = this.cli.getDirectives()
@@ -50,7 +56,7 @@ export class CommandLineApplication extends Unit {
             await match.invoke(argv.slice(1))
         } else {
             const usage = this.make<UsageDirective>(UsageDirective)
-            await usage.handle(process.argv)
+            await usage.handle()
         }
     }
 }

src/cli/templates/config.ts

@@ -1,22 +1,21 @@
-import {Template} from "../Template"
+import {Template} from '../Template'
-import {UniversalPath} from "../../util"
 
 /**
  * A template that generates a new configuration file in the app/configs directory.
  */
-const config_template: Template = {
+const templateConfig: Template = {
     name: 'config',
     fileSuffix: '.config.ts',
     description: 'Create a new config file.',
     baseAppPath: ['configs'],
-    render(name: string, fullCanonicalName: string, targetFilePath: UniversalPath) {
+    render() {
         return `import { env } from '@extollo/lib'
 
 export default {
     key: env('VALUE_ENV_VAR', 'default value'),
 }
 `
-    }
+    },
 }
 
-export { config_template }
+export { templateConfig }

src/cli/templates/controller.ts

@@ -1,17 +1,15 @@
-import {Template} from "../Template"
+import {Template} from '../Template'
-import {UniversalPath} from "../../util"
 
 /**
  * Template that generates a new controller in the app/http/controllers directory.
  */
-const controller_template: Template = {
+const templateController: Template = {
     name: 'controller',
     fileSuffix: '.controller.ts',
     description: 'Create a controller class that can be used to handle requests.',
     baseAppPath: ['http', 'controllers'],
-    render(name: string, fullCanonicalName: string, targetFilePath: UniversalPath) {
+    render(name: string) {
-        return `import {Controller, view} from "@extollo/lib"
+        return `import {Controller, view, Inject, Injectable} from '@extollo/lib'
-import {Inject, Injectable} from "@extollo/di"
 
 /**
  * ${name} Controller
@@ -25,7 +23,7 @@ export class ${name} extends Controller {
     }
 }
 `
-    }
+    },
 }
 
-export { controller_template }
+export { templateController }

src/cli/templates/directive.ts

@@ -1,17 +1,15 @@
-import {Template} from "../Template"
+import {Template} from '../Template'
-import {UniversalPath} from "../../util"
 
 /**
  * Template that generates a new Directive class in the app/directives directory.
  */
-const directive_template: Template = {
+const templateDirective: Template = {
     name: 'directive',
     fileSuffix: '.directive.ts',
     description: 'Create a new Directive class which adds functionality to the ./ex command.',
     baseAppPath: ['directives'],
-    render(name: string, fullCanonicalName: string, targetFilePath: UniversalPath) {
+    render(name: string) {
-        return `import {Directive, OptionDefinition} from "@extollo/cli"
+        return `import {Directive, OptionDefinition, Injectable} from '@extollo/lib'
-import {Injectable} from "@extollo/di"
 
 /**
  * ${name} Directive
@@ -37,7 +35,7 @@ export class ${name}Directive extends Directive {
     }
 }
 `
-    }
+    },
 }
 
-export { directive_template }
+export { templateDirective }

src/cli/templates/middleware.ts

@@ -1,17 +1,15 @@
-import {Template} from "../Template"
+import {Template} from '../Template'
-import {UniversalPath} from "../../util"
 
 /**
  * Template that generates a new middleware class in app/http/middlewares.
  */
-const middleware_template: Template = {
+const templateMiddleware: Template = {
     name: 'middleware',
     fileSuffix: '.middleware.ts',
     description: 'Create a middleware class that can be applied to routes.',
     baseAppPath: ['http', 'middlewares'],
-    render(name: string, fullCanonicalName: string, targetFilePath: UniversalPath) {
+    render(name: string) {
-        return `import {Middleware} from "@extollo/lib"
+        return `import {Middleware, Injectable} from '@extollo/lib'
-import {Injectable} from "@extollo/di"
 
 /**
  * ${name} Middleware
@@ -25,7 +23,7 @@ export class ${name} extends Middleware {
     }
 }
 `
-    }
+    },
 }
 
-export { middleware_template }
+export { templateMiddleware }

src/cli/templates/routes.ts

@@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
-import {Template} from "../Template"
+import {Template} from '../Template'
-import {UniversalPath} from "../../util"
 
 /**
  * Template that generates a new route definition file in app/http/routes.
  */
-const routes_template: Template = {
+const templateRoutes: Template = {
     name: 'routes',
     fileSuffix: '.routes.ts',
     description: 'Create a file for route definitions.',
     baseAppPath: ['http', 'routes'],
-    render(name: string, fullCanonicalName: string, targetFilePath: UniversalPath) {
+    render(name: string) {
-        return `import {Route} from "@extollo/lib"
+        return `import {Route} from '@extollo/lib'
 
 /*
  * ${name} Routes
@@ -20,7 +19,7 @@ const routes_template: Template = {
 
 
 `
-    }
+    },
 }
 
-export { routes_template }
+export { templateRoutes }

src/cli/templates/unit.ts

@@ -1,17 +1,15 @@
-import {Template} from "../Template"
+import {Template} from '../Template'
-import {UniversalPath} from "../../util"
 
 /**
  * Template that generates a new application unit class in app/units.
  */
-const unit_template: Template = {
+const templateUnit: Template = {
     name: 'unit',
     fileSuffix: '.ts',
     description: 'Create a service unit that will start and stop with your application.',
     baseAppPath: ['units'],
-    render(name: string, fullCanonicalName: string, targetFilePath: UniversalPath) {
+    render(name: string) {
-        return `import {Singleton, Inject} from "@extollo/di"
+        return `import {Singleton, Inject, Unit, Logging} from '@extollo/lib'
-import {Unit, Logging} from "@extollo/lib"
 
 /**
  * ${name} Unit
@@ -32,7 +30,7 @@ export class ${name} extends Unit {
     }
 }
 `
-    }
+    },
 }
 
-export { unit_template }
+export { templateUnit }

src/di/Container.ts

@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
-import {DependencyKey, InstanceRef, Instantiable, isInstantiable, StaticClass} from "./types";
+import {DependencyKey, InstanceRef, Instantiable, isInstantiable, StaticClass} from './types'
-import {AbstractFactory} from "./factory/AbstractFactory";
+import {AbstractFactory} from './factory/AbstractFactory'
-import {collect, Collection, globalRegistry, logIfDebugging} from "../util";
+import {collect, Collection, globalRegistry, logIfDebugging} from '../util'
-import {Factory} from "./factory/Factory";
+import {Factory} from './factory/Factory'
-import {DuplicateFactoryKeyError} from "./error/DuplicateFactoryKeyError";
+import {DuplicateFactoryKeyError} from './error/DuplicateFactoryKeyError'
-import {ClosureFactory} from "./factory/ClosureFactory";
+import {ClosureFactory} from './factory/ClosureFactory'
-import NamedFactory from "./factory/NamedFactory";
+import NamedFactory from './factory/NamedFactory'
-import SingletonFactory from "./factory/SingletonFactory";
+import SingletonFactory from './factory/SingletonFactory'
-import {InvalidDependencyKeyError} from "./error/InvalidDependencyKeyError";
+import {InvalidDependencyKeyError} from './error/InvalidDependencyKeyError'
+import {ContainerBlueprint} from './ContainerBlueprint'
 
-export type MaybeFactory = AbstractFactory | undefined
+export type MaybeFactory<T> = AbstractFactory<T> | undefined
 export type MaybeDependency = any | undefined
 export type ResolvedDependency = { paramIndex: number, key: DependencyKey, resolved: any }
 
@@ -23,6 +24,11 @@ export class Container {
         const existing = <Container | undefined> globalRegistry.getGlobal('extollo/injector')
         if ( !existing ) {
             const container = new Container()
+
+            ContainerBlueprint.getContainerBlueprint()
+                .resolve()
+                .map(factory => container.registerFactory(factory))
+
             globalRegistry.setGlobal('extollo/injector', container)
             return container
         }
@@ -34,7 +40,7 @@ export class Container {
      * Collection of factories registered with this container.
      * @type Collection<AbstractFactory>
      */
-    protected factories: Collection<AbstractFactory> = new Collection<AbstractFactory>()
+    protected factories: Collection<AbstractFactory<unknown>> = new Collection<AbstractFactory<unknown>>()
 
     /**
      * Collection of singleton instances produced by this container.
@@ -47,16 +53,37 @@ export class Container {
         this.registerSingleton('injector', this)
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Purge all factories and instances of the given key from this container.
+     * @param key
+     */
+    purge(key: DependencyKey): this {
+        this.factories = this.factories.filter(x => !x.match(key))
+        this.release(key)
+        return this
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove all stored instances of the given key from this container.
+     * @param key
+     */
+    release(key: DependencyKey): this {
+        this.instances = this.instances.filter(x => x.key !== key)
+        return this
+    }
+
     /**
      * Register a basic instantiable class as a standard Factory with this container.
      * @param {Instantiable} dependency
      */
-    register(dependency: Instantiable<any>) {
+    register(dependency: Instantiable<any>): this {
-        if ( this.resolve(dependency) )
+        if ( this.resolve(dependency) ) {
             throw new DuplicateFactoryKeyError(dependency)
+        }
 
         const factory = new Factory(dependency)
         this.factories.push(factory)
+        return this
     }
 
     /**
@@ -64,12 +91,14 @@ export class Container {
      * @param {string} name - unique name to identify the factory in the container
      * @param {function} producer - factory to produce a value
      */
-    registerProducer(name: string | StaticClass<any, any>, producer: () => any) {
+    registerProducer(name: DependencyKey, producer: () => any): this {
-        if ( this.resolve(name) )
+        if ( this.resolve(name) ) {
             throw new DuplicateFactoryKeyError(name)
+        }
 
         const factory = new ClosureFactory(name, producer)
         this.factories.push(factory)
+        return this
     }
 
     /**
@@ -78,12 +107,14 @@ export class Container {
      * @param {string} name - unique name to identify the factory in the container
      * @param {Instantiable} dependency
      */
-    registerNamed(name: string, dependency: Instantiable<any>) {
+    registerNamed(name: string, dependency: Instantiable<any>): this {
-        if ( this.resolve(name) )
+        if ( this.resolve(name) ) {
             throw new DuplicateFactoryKeyError(name)
+        }
 
         const factory = new NamedFactory(name, dependency)
         this.factories.push(factory)
+        return this
     }
 
     /**
@@ -92,11 +123,13 @@ export class Container {
      * @param {string} key - unique name to identify the singleton in the container
      * @param value
      */
-    registerSingleton(key: string, value: any) {
+    registerSingleton<T>(key: DependencyKey, value: T): this {
-        if ( this.resolve(key) )
+        if ( this.resolve(key) ) {
             throw new DuplicateFactoryKeyError(key)
+        }
 
-        this.factories.push(new SingletonFactory(value, key))
+        this.factories.push(new SingletonFactory(key, value))
+        return this
     }
 
     /**
@@ -105,26 +138,32 @@ export class Container {
      * @param staticClass
      * @param instance
      */
-    registerSingletonInstance<T>(staticClass: Instantiable<T>, instance: T) {
+    registerSingletonInstance<T>(staticClass: StaticClass<T, any> | Instantiable<T>, instance: T): this {
-        if ( this.resolve(staticClass) )
+        if ( this.resolve(staticClass) ) {
             throw new DuplicateFactoryKeyError(staticClass)
+        }
 
         this.register(staticClass)
         this.instances.push({
             key: staticClass,
             value: instance,
         })
+
+        return this
     }
 
     /**
      * Register a given factory with the container.
      * @param {AbstractFactory} factory
      */
-    registerFactory(factory: AbstractFactory) {
+    registerFactory(factory: AbstractFactory<unknown>): this {
-        if ( !this.factories.includes(factory) )
+        if ( !this.factories.includes(factory) ) {
             this.factories.push(factory)
         }
 
+        return this
+    }
+
     /**
      * Returns true if the container has an already-produced value for the given key.
      * @param {DependencyKey} key
@@ -138,7 +177,7 @@ export class Container {
      * @param {DependencyKey} key
      */
     hasKey(key: DependencyKey): boolean {
-        return !!this.resolve(key)
+        return Boolean(this.resolve(key))
     }
 
     /**
@@ -147,17 +186,22 @@ export class Container {
      */
     getExistingInstance(key: DependencyKey): MaybeDependency {
         const instances = this.instances.where('key', '=', key)
-        if ( instances.isNotEmpty() ) return instances.first()
+        if ( instances.isNotEmpty() ) {
+            return instances.first()
+        }
     }
 
     /**
      * Find the factory for the given key, if one is registered with this container.
      * @param {DependencyKey} key
      */
-    resolve(key: DependencyKey): MaybeFactory {
+    resolve(key: DependencyKey): MaybeFactory<unknown> {
         const factory = this.factories.firstWhere(item => item.match(key))
-        if ( factory ) return factory
+        if ( factory ) {
-        else logIfDebugging('extollo.di.injector', 'unable to resolve factory', factory, this.factories)
+            return factory
+        } else {
+            logIfDebugging('extollo.di.injector', 'unable to resolve factory', factory, this.factories)
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -172,22 +216,25 @@ export class Container {
         // If we've already instantiated this, just return that
         const instance = this.getExistingInstance(key)
         logIfDebugging('extollo.di.injector', 'resolveAndCreate existing instance?', instance)
-        if ( typeof instance !== 'undefined' ) return instance.value
+        if ( typeof instance !== 'undefined' ) {
+            return instance.value
+        }
 
         // Otherwise, attempt to create it
         const factory = this.resolve(key)
         logIfDebugging('extollo.di.injector', 'resolveAndCreate factory', factory)
-        if ( !factory )
+        if ( !factory ) {
             throw new InvalidDependencyKeyError(key)
+        }
 
         // Produce and store a new instance
-        const new_instance = this.produceFactory(factory, parameters)
+        const newInstance = this.produceFactory(factory, parameters)
         this.instances.push({
             key,
-            value: new_instance,
+            value: newInstance,
         })
 
-        return new_instance
+        return newInstance
     }
 
     /**
@@ -196,7 +243,7 @@ export class Container {
      * @param {AbstractFactory} factory
      * @param {array} parameters
      */
-    protected produceFactory(factory: AbstractFactory, parameters: any[]) {
+    protected produceFactory<T>(factory: AbstractFactory<T>, parameters: any[]): T {
         // Create the dependencies for the factory
         const keys = factory.getDependencyKeys().filter(req => this.hasKey(req.key))
         const dependencies = keys.map<ResolvedDependency>(req => {
@@ -210,20 +257,23 @@ export class Container {
         // Build the arguments for the factory, using dependencies in the
         // correct paramIndex positions, or parameters of we don't have
         // the dependency.
-        const construction_args = []
+        const constructorArguments = []
-        let params = collect(parameters).reverse()
+        const params = collect(parameters).reverse()
         for ( let i = 0; i <= dependencies.max('paramIndex'); i++ ) {
             const dep = dependencies.firstWhere('paramIndex', '=', i)
-            if ( dep ) construction_args.push(dep.resolved)
+            if ( dep ) {
-            else construction_args.push(params.pop())
+                constructorArguments.push(dep.resolved)
+            } else {
+                constructorArguments.push(params.pop())
+            }
         }
 
         // Produce a new instance
-        const inst = factory.produce(construction_args, params.reverse().all())
+        const inst = factory.produce(constructorArguments, params.reverse().all())
 
         factory.getInjectedProperties().each(dependency => {
             if ( dependency.key && inst ) {
-                inst[dependency.property] = this.resolveAndCreate(dependency.key)
+                (inst as any)[dependency.property] = this.resolveAndCreate(dependency.key)
             }
         })
 
@@ -240,13 +290,14 @@ export class Container {
      * @param {...any} parameters
      */
     make<T>(target: DependencyKey, ...parameters: any[]): T {
-        if ( this.hasKey(target) )
+        if ( this.hasKey(target) ) {
             return this.resolveAndCreate(target, ...parameters)
-        else if ( typeof target !== 'string' && isInstantiable(target) )
+        } else if ( typeof target !== 'string' && isInstantiable(target) ) {
             return this.produceFactory(new Factory(target), parameters)
-        else
+        } else {
             throw new TypeError(`Invalid or unknown make target: ${target}`)
         }
+    }
 
     /**
      * Get a collection of dependency keys required by the given target, if it is registered with this container.
@@ -255,8 +306,9 @@ export class Container {
     getDependencies(target: DependencyKey): Collection<DependencyKey> {
         const factory = this.resolve(target)
 
-        if ( !factory )
+        if ( !factory ) {
             throw new InvalidDependencyKeyError(target)
+        }
 
         return factory.getDependencyKeys().pluck('key')
     }
@@ -265,8 +317,9 @@ export class Container {
      * Given a different container, copy the factories and instances from this container over to it.
      * @param container
      */
-    cloneTo(container: Container) {
+    cloneTo(container: Container): this {
         container.factories = this.factories.clone()
         container.instances = this.instances.clone()
+        return this
     }
 }

src/di/ContainerBlueprint.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+import {DependencyKey, Instantiable} from './types'
+import NamedFactory from './factory/NamedFactory'
+import {AbstractFactory} from './factory/AbstractFactory'
+import {Factory} from './factory/Factory'
+import {ClosureFactory} from './factory/ClosureFactory'
+
+export class ContainerBlueprint {
+    private static instance?: ContainerBlueprint
+
+    public static getContainerBlueprint(): ContainerBlueprint {
+        if ( !this.instance ) {
+            this.instance = new ContainerBlueprint()
+        }
+
+        return this.instance
+    }
+
+    protected factories: (() => AbstractFactory<any>)[] = []
+
+    /**
+     * Register a basic instantiable class as a standard Factory with this container,
+     * identified by a string name rather than static class.
+     * @param {string} name - unique name to identify the factory in the container
+     * @param {Instantiable} dependency
+     */
+    registerNamed(name: string, dependency: Instantiable<any>): this {
+        this.factories.push(() => new NamedFactory(name, dependency))
+        return this
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register a basic instantiable class as a standard Factory with this container.
+     * @param {Instantiable} dependency
+     */
+    register(dependency: Instantiable<any>): this {
+        this.factories.push(() => new Factory(dependency))
+        return this
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register a producer function as a ClosureFactory with this container.
+     * @param key
+     * @param producer
+     */
+    registerProducer(key: DependencyKey, producer: () => any): this {
+        this.factories.push(() => new ClosureFactory(key, producer))
+        return this
+    }
+
+    resolve(): AbstractFactory<any>[] {
+        return this.factories.map(x => x())
+    }
+}

src/di/ScopedContainer.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-import {Container, MaybeDependency, MaybeFactory} from "./Container"
+import {Container, MaybeDependency, MaybeFactory} from './Container'
-import {DependencyKey} from "./types"
+import {DependencyKey, Instantiable, StaticClass} from './types'
+import {AbstractFactory} from './factory/AbstractFactory'
 
 /**
  * A container that uses some parent container as a base, but
@@ -26,10 +27,12 @@ export class ScopedContainer extends Container {
      * Create a new scoped container based on a parent container instance.
      * @param container
      */
-    public static fromParent(container: Container) {
+    public static fromParent(container: Container): ScopedContainer {
-        return new ScopedContainer(container);
+        return new ScopedContainer(container)
     }
 
+    private resolveParentScope = true
+
     constructor(
         private parentContainer: Container,
     ) {
@@ -38,24 +41,101 @@ export class ScopedContainer extends Container {
     }
 
     hasInstance(key: DependencyKey): boolean {
-        return super.hasInstance(key) || this.parentContainer.hasInstance(key)
+        return super.hasInstance(key) || (this.resolveParentScope && this.parentContainer.hasInstance(key))
     }
 
     hasKey(key: DependencyKey): boolean {
-        return super.hasKey(key) || this.parentContainer.hasKey(key)
+        return super.hasKey(key) || (this.resolveParentScope && this.parentContainer.hasKey(key))
     }
 
     getExistingInstance(key: DependencyKey): MaybeDependency {
         const inst = super.getExistingInstance(key)
-        if ( inst ) return inst;
+        if ( inst ) {
-
+            return inst
-        return this.parentContainer.getExistingInstance(key);
         }
 
-    resolve(key: DependencyKey): MaybeFactory {
+        if ( this.resolveParentScope ) {
-        const factory = super.resolve(key);
+            return this.parentContainer.getExistingInstance(key)
-        if ( factory ) return factory;
+        }
+    }
 
-        return this.parentContainer?.resolve(key);
+    resolve(key: DependencyKey): MaybeFactory<any> {
+        const factory = super.resolve(key)
+        if ( factory ) {
+            return factory
+        }
+
+        if ( this.resolveParentScope ) {
+            return this.parentContainer.resolve(key)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register a basic instantiable class as a standard Factory with this container.
+     * @param {Instantiable} dependency
+     */
+    register(dependency: Instantiable<any>): this {
+        return this.withoutParentScopes(() => super.register(dependency))
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register the given function as a factory within the container.
+     * @param {string} name - unique name to identify the factory in the container
+     * @param {function} producer - factory to produce a value
+     */
+    registerProducer(name: DependencyKey, producer: () => any): this {
+        return this.withoutParentScopes(() => super.registerProducer(name, producer))
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register a basic instantiable class as a standard Factory with this container,
+     * identified by a string name rather than static class.
+     * @param {string} name - unique name to identify the factory in the container
+     * @param {Instantiable} dependency
+     */
+    registerNamed(name: string, dependency: Instantiable<any>): this {
+        return this.withoutParentScopes(() => super.registerNamed(name, dependency))
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register a value as a singleton in the container. It will not be instantiated, but
+     * can be injected by its unique name.
+     * @param {string} key - unique name to identify the singleton in the container
+     * @param value
+     */
+    registerSingleton<T>(key: DependencyKey, value: T): this {
+        return this.withoutParentScopes(() => super.registerSingleton(key, value))
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register a static class to the container along with its already-instantiated
+     * instance that will be used to resolve the class.
+     * @param staticClass
+     * @param instance
+     */
+    registerSingletonInstance<T>(staticClass: StaticClass<T, any> | Instantiable<T>, instance: T): this {
+        return this.withoutParentScopes(() => super.registerSingletonInstance(staticClass, instance))
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register a given factory with the container.
+     * @param {AbstractFactory} factory
+     */
+    registerFactory(factory: AbstractFactory<unknown>): this {
+        return this.withoutParentScopes(() => super.registerFactory(factory))
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Execute a closure on this container, disabling parent-resolution.
+     * Effectively, the closure will have access to this container as if
+     * it were NOT a scoped container, and only contained its factories.
+     * @param closure
+     */
+    withoutParentScopes<T>(closure: () => T): T {
+        const oldResolveParentScope = this.resolveParentScope
+        this.resolveParentScope = false
+        const value: T = closure()
+        this.resolveParentScope = oldResolveParentScope
+        return value
     }
 }

src/di/decorator/injection.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import 'reflect-metadata'
-import {collect, Collection} from "../../util";
+import {collect, Collection} from '../../util'
 import {
     DependencyKey,
     DependencyRequirement,
@@ -9,16 +9,16 @@ import {
     InjectionType,
     DEPENDENCY_KEYS_SERVICE_TYPE_KEY,
     PropertyDependency,
-} from "../types";
+} from '../types'
-import {Container} from "../Container";
+import {ContainerBlueprint} from '../ContainerBlueprint'
 
 /**
  * Get a collection of dependency requirements for the given target object.
  * @param {Object} target
  * @return Collection<DependencyRequirement>
  */
-function initDependencyMetadata(target: Object): Collection<DependencyRequirement> {
+function initDependencyMetadata(target: unknown): Collection<DependencyRequirement> {
-    const paramTypes = Reflect.getMetadata('design:paramtypes', target)
+    const paramTypes = Reflect.getMetadata('design:paramtypes', target as any)
     return collect<DependencyKey>(paramTypes).map<DependencyRequirement>((type, idx) => {
         return {
             paramIndex: idx,
@@ -37,32 +37,32 @@ export const Injectable = (): ClassDecorator => {
     return (target) => {
         const meta = initDependencyMetadata(target)
         const existing = Reflect.getMetadata(DEPENDENCY_KEYS_METADATA_KEY, target)
-        const new_meta = new Collection<DependencyRequirement>()
+        const newMetadata = new Collection<DependencyRequirement>()
 
         if ( existing ) {
-            const max_new = meta.max('paramIndex')
+            const maxNew = meta.max('paramIndex')
-            const max_existing = existing.max('paramIndex')
+            const maxExisting = existing.max('paramIndex')
-            for ( let i = 0; i <= Math.max(max_new, max_existing); i++ ) {
+            for ( let i = 0; i <= Math.max(maxNew, maxExisting); i++ ) {
-                const existing_dr = existing.firstWhere('paramIndex', '=', i)
+                const existingDR = existing.firstWhere('paramIndex', '=', i)
-                const new_dr = meta.firstWhere('paramIndex', '=', i)
+                const newDR = meta.firstWhere('paramIndex', '=', i)
 
-                if ( existing_dr && !new_dr ) {
+                if ( existingDR && !newDR ) {
-                    new_meta.push(existing_dr)
+                    newMetadata.push(existingDR)
-                } else if ( new_dr && !existing_dr ) {
+                } else if ( newDR && !existingDR ) {
-                    new_meta.push(new_dr)
+                    newMetadata.push(newDR)
-                } else if ( new_dr && existing_dr ) {
+                } else if ( newDR && existingDR ) {
-                    if ( existing_dr.overridden ) {
+                    if ( existingDR.overridden ) {
-                        new_meta.push(existing_dr)
+                        newMetadata.push(existingDR)
                     } else {
-                        new_meta.push(new_dr)
+                        newMetadata.push(newDR)
                     }
                 }
             }
         } else {
-            new_meta.concat(meta)
+            newMetadata.concat(meta)
         }
 
-        Reflect.defineMetadata(DEPENDENCY_KEYS_METADATA_KEY, new_meta, target)
+        Reflect.defineMetadata(DEPENDENCY_KEYS_METADATA_KEY, newMetadata, target)
     }
 }
 
@@ -82,14 +82,17 @@ export const Inject = (key?: DependencyKey): PropertyDecorator => {
         }
 
         const type = Reflect.getMetadata('design:type', target, property)
-        if ( !key && type ) key = type
+        if ( !key && type ) {
+            key = type
+        }
 
         if ( key ) {
             const existing = propertyMetadata.firstWhere('property', '=', property)
             if ( existing ) {
                 existing.key = key
             } else {
-                propertyMetadata.push({ property, key })
+                propertyMetadata.push({ property,
+                    key })
             }
         }
 
@@ -118,7 +121,7 @@ export const InjectParam = (key: DependencyKey): ParameterDecorator => {
             meta.push({
                 paramIndex,
                 key,
-                overridden: true
+                overridden: true,
             })
         }
 
@@ -135,16 +138,16 @@ export const Singleton = (name?: string): ClassDecorator => {
         if ( isInstantiable(target) ) {
             const injectionType: InjectionType = {
                 type: name ? 'named' : 'singleton',
-                ...(name ? { name } : {})
+                ...(name ? { name } : {}),
             }
 
             Reflect.defineMetadata(DEPENDENCY_KEYS_SERVICE_TYPE_KEY, injectionType, target)
             Injectable()(target)
 
             if ( name ) {
-                Container.getContainer().registerNamed(name, target)
+                ContainerBlueprint.getContainerBlueprint().registerNamed(name, target)
             } else {
-                Container.getContainer().register(target)
+                ContainerBlueprint.getContainerBlueprint().register(target)
             }
         }
     }

src/di/error/DuplicateFactoryKeyError.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import {DependencyKey} from "../types";
+import {DependencyKey} from '../types'
 
 /**
  * Error thrown when a factory is registered with a duplicate dependency key.

src/di/error/InvalidDependencyKeyError.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import {DependencyKey} from "../types";
+import {DependencyKey} from '../types'
 
 /**
  * Error thrown when a dependency key that has not been registered is passed to a resolver.

src/di/factory/AbstractFactory.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-import {DependencyRequirement, PropertyDependency} from "../types";
+import {DependencyKey, DependencyRequirement, PropertyDependency} from '../types'
-import { Collection } from "../../util";
+import { Collection } from '../../util'
 
 /**
  * Abstract base class for dependency container factories.
  * @abstract
  */
-export abstract class AbstractFactory {
+export abstract class AbstractFactory<T> {
     protected constructor(
         /**
          * Token that was registered for this factory. In most cases, this is the static
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ export abstract class AbstractFactory {
          * @var
          * @protected
          */
-        protected token: any
+        protected token: DependencyKey,
     ) {}
 
     /**
@@ -21,14 +21,14 @@ export abstract class AbstractFactory {
      * @param {Array} dependencies - the resolved dependencies, in order
      * @param {Array} parameters - the bound constructor parameters, in order
      */
-    abstract produce(dependencies: any[], parameters: any[]): any
+    abstract produce(dependencies: any[], parameters: any[]): T
 
     /**
      * Should return true if the given identifier matches the token for this factory.
      * @param something
      * @return boolean
      */
-    abstract match(something: any): boolean
+    abstract match(something: unknown): boolean
 
     /**
      * Get the dependency requirements required by this factory's token.

src/di/factory/ClosureFactory.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-import {AbstractFactory} from "./AbstractFactory";
+import {AbstractFactory} from './AbstractFactory'
-import {DependencyRequirement, PropertyDependency, StaticClass} from "../types";
+import {DependencyKey, DependencyRequirement, PropertyDependency} from '../types'
-import {Collection} from "../../util";
+import {Collection} from '../../util'
 
 /**
  * A factory whose token is produced by calling a function.
@@ -17,19 +17,19 @@ import {Collection} from "../../util";
  * fact.produce([], [])  // => 4
  * ```
  */
-export class ClosureFactory extends AbstractFactory {
+export class ClosureFactory<T> extends AbstractFactory<T> {
     constructor(
-        protected readonly name: string | StaticClass<any, any>,
+        protected readonly name: DependencyKey,
-        protected readonly token: () => any,
+        protected readonly token: () => T,
     ) {
         super(token)
     }
 
-    produce(dependencies: any[], parameters: any[]): any {
+    produce(): any {
         return this.token()
     }
 
-    match(something: any) {
+    match(something: unknown): boolean {
         return something === this.name
     }
 

src/di/factory/Factory.ts

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-import {AbstractFactory} from "./AbstractFactory";
+import {AbstractFactory} from './AbstractFactory'
 import {
     DEPENDENCY_KEYS_METADATA_KEY,
     DEPENDENCY_KEYS_PROPERTY_METADATA_KEY,
     DependencyRequirement,
     Instantiable,
-    PropertyDependency
+    PropertyDependency,
-} from "../types";
+} from '../types'
-import {Collection} from "../../util";
+import {Collection} from '../../util'
 import 'reflect-metadata'
 
 /**
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ import 'reflect-metadata'
  * fact.produce([myServiceInstance], [])  // => A { myService: myServiceInstance }
  * ```
  */
-export class Factory extends AbstractFactory {
+export class Factory<T> extends AbstractFactory<T> {
     constructor(
-        protected readonly token: Instantiable<any>
+        protected readonly token: Instantiable<T>,
     ) {
         super(token)
     }
@@ -40,13 +40,15 @@ export class Factory extends AbstractFactory {
         return new this.token(...dependencies, ...parameters)
     }
 
-    match(something: any) {
+    match(something: unknown): boolean {
         return something === this.token // || (something?.name && something.name === this.token.name)
     }
 
     getDependencyKeys(): Collection<DependencyRequirement> {
         const meta = Reflect.getMetadata(DEPENDENCY_KEYS_METADATA_KEY, this.token)
-        if ( meta ) return meta
+        if ( meta ) {
+            return meta
+        }
         return new Collection<DependencyRequirement>()
     }
 
@@ -56,7 +58,9 @@ export class Factory extends AbstractFactory {
 
         do {
             const loadedMeta = Reflect.getMetadata(DEPENDENCY_KEYS_PROPERTY_METADATA_KEY, currentToken)
-            if ( loadedMeta ) meta.concat(loadedMeta)
+            if ( loadedMeta ) {
+                meta.concat(loadedMeta)
+            }
             currentToken = Object.getPrototypeOf(currentToken)
         } while (Object.getPrototypeOf(currentToken) !== Function.prototype && Object.getPrototypeOf(currentToken) !== Object.prototype)
 

src/di/factory/NamedFactory.ts

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-import {Factory} from "./Factory";
+import {Factory} from './Factory'
-import {Instantiable} from "../types";
+import {Instantiable} from '../types'
 
 /**
  * Container factory that produces an instance of the token, however the token
  * is identified by a string name rather than a class reference.
  * @extends Factory
  */
-export default class NamedFactory extends Factory {
+export default class NamedFactory<T> extends Factory<T> {
     constructor(
         /**
          * The name identifying this factory in the container.
@@ -18,12 +18,12 @@ export default class NamedFactory extends Factory {
          * The token to be instantiated.
          * @type {Instantiable}
          */
-        protected token: Instantiable<any>,
+        protected token: Instantiable<T>,
     ) {
         super(token)
     }
 
-    match(something: any) {
+    match(something: unknown): boolean {
         return something === this.name
     }
 }

src/di/factory/SingletonFactory.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { Factory } from './Factory'
 import { Collection } from '../../util'
-import {DependencyRequirement, PropertyDependency} from "../types";
+import {DependencyKey, DependencyRequirement, PropertyDependency} from '../types'
 
 /**
  * Container factory which returns its token as its value, without attempting
@@ -19,29 +19,23 @@ import {DependencyRequirement, PropertyDependency} from "../types";
  *
  * @extends Factory
  */
-export default class SingletonFactory extends Factory {
+export default class SingletonFactory<T> extends Factory<T> {
     constructor(
         /**
-         * Instantiated value of this factory.
+         * Token identifying this singleton.
-         * @type FunctionConstructor
          */
-        protected token: FunctionConstructor,
+        protected token: DependencyKey,
 
         /**
-         * String name of this singleton identifying it in the container.
+         * The value of this singleton.
-         * @type string
          */
-        protected key: string,
+        protected value: T,
     ) {
         super(token)
     }
 
-    produce(dependencies: any[], parameters: any[]) {
+    produce(): T {
-        return this.token
+        return this.value
-    }
-
-    match(something: any) {
-        return something === this.key
     }
 
     getDependencyKeys(): Collection<DependencyRequirement> {

src/di/index.ts

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ export * from './factory/Factory'
 export * from './factory/NamedFactory'
 export * from './factory/SingletonFactory'
 
+export * from './ContainerBlueprint'
 export * from './Container'
 export * from './ScopedContainer'
 export * from './types'

src/di/types.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-export const DEPENDENCY_KEYS_METADATA_KEY = 'extollo:di:dependencies:ctor';
+export const DEPENDENCY_KEYS_METADATA_KEY = 'extollo:di:dependencies:ctor'
-export const DEPENDENCY_KEYS_PROPERTY_METADATA_KEY = 'extollo:di:dependencies:properties';
+export const DEPENDENCY_KEYS_PROPERTY_METADATA_KEY = 'extollo:di:dependencies:properties'
-export const DEPENDENCY_KEYS_SERVICE_TYPE_KEY = 'extollo:di:service_type';
+export const DEPENDENCY_KEYS_SERVICE_TYPE_KEY = 'extollo:di:service_type'
 
 /**
  * Interface that designates a particular value as able to be constructed.
@@ -13,20 +13,26 @@ export interface Instantiable<T> {
  * Returns true if the given value is instantiable.
  * @param what
  */
-export function isInstantiable<T>(what: any): what is Instantiable<T> {
+export function isInstantiable<T>(what: unknown): what is Instantiable<T> {
-    return (typeof what === 'object' || typeof what === 'function') && 'constructor' in what && typeof what.constructor === 'function'
+    return (
+        Boolean(what)
+        && (typeof what === 'object' || typeof what === 'function')
+        && (what !== null)
+        && 'constructor' in what
+        && typeof what.constructor === 'function'
+    )
 }
 
 /**
  * Type that identifies a value as a static class, even if it is not instantiable.
  */
-export type StaticClass<T, T2> = Function & {prototype: T} & T2
+export type StaticClass<T, T2> = Function & {prototype: T} & T2  // eslint-disable-line @typescript-eslint/ban-types
 
 /**
  * Returns true if the parameter is a static class.
  * @param something
  */
-export function isStaticClass<T, T2>(something: any): something is StaticClass<T, T2> {
+export function isStaticClass<T, T2>(something: unknown): something is StaticClass<T, T2> {
     return typeof something === 'function' && typeof something.prototype !== 'undefined'
 }
 

src/event/Event.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import {Dispatchable} from './types'
+import {Awaitable, JSONState} from '../util'
+
+/**
+ * Abstract class representing an event that may be fired.
+ */
+export abstract class Event implements Dispatchable {
+
+
+    abstract dehydrate(): Awaitable<JSONState>
+
+    abstract rehydrate(state: JSONState): Awaitable<void>
+}

src/event/EventBus.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+import {Singleton, StaticClass} from '../di'
+import {Bus, Dispatchable, EventSubscriber, EventSubscriberEntry, EventSubscription} from './types'
+import {Awaitable, Collection, uuid4} from '../util'
+
+/**
+ * A non-queued bus implementation that executes subscribers immediately in the main thread.
+ */
+@Singleton()
+export class EventBus implements Bus {
+    /**
+     * Collection of subscribers, by their events.
+     * @protected
+     */
+    protected subscribers: Collection<EventSubscriberEntry<any>> = new Collection<EventSubscriberEntry<any>>()
+
+    subscribe<T extends Dispatchable>(event: StaticClass<T, T>, subscriber: EventSubscriber<T>): Awaitable<EventSubscription> {
+        const entry: EventSubscriberEntry<T> = {
+            id: uuid4(),
+            event,
+            subscriber,
+        }
+
+        this.subscribers.push(entry)
+        return this.buildSubscription(entry.id)
+    }
+
+    unsubscribe<T extends Dispatchable>(subscriber: EventSubscriber<T>): Awaitable<void> {
+        this.subscribers = this.subscribers.where('subscriber', '!=', subscriber)
+    }
+
+    async dispatch(event: Dispatchable): Promise<void> {
+        const eventClass: StaticClass<typeof event, typeof event> = event.constructor as StaticClass<Dispatchable, Dispatchable>
+        await this.subscribers.where('event', '=', eventClass)
+            .promiseMap(entry => entry.subscriber(event))
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Build an EventSubscription object for the subscriber of the given ID.
+     * @param id
+     * @protected
+     */
+    protected buildSubscription(id: string): EventSubscription {
+        let subscribed = true
+        return {
+            unsubscribe: (): Awaitable<void> => {
+                if ( subscribed ) {
+                    this.subscribers = this.subscribers.where('id', '!=', id)
+                    subscribed = false
+                }
+            },
+        }
+    }
+}

src/event/PropagatingEventBus.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import {EventBus} from './EventBus'
+import {Collection} from '../util'
+import {Bus, Dispatchable} from './types'
+
+/**
+ * A non-queued bus implementation that executes subscribers immediately in the main thread.
+ * This bus also supports "propagating" events along to any other connected buses.
+ * Such behavior is useful, e.g., if we want to have a semi-isolated request-
+ * level bus whose events still reach the global EventBus instance.
+ */
+export class PropagatingEventBus extends EventBus {
+    protected recipients: Collection<Bus> = new Collection<Bus>()
+
+    async dispatch(event: Dispatchable): Promise<void> {
+        await super.dispatch(event)
+        await this.recipients.promiseMap(bus => bus.dispatch(event))
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register the given bus to receive events fired on this bus.
+     * @param recipient
+     */
+    connect(recipient: Bus): void {
+        if ( !this.recipients.includes(recipient) ) {
+            this.recipients.push(recipient)
+        }
+    }
+}

src/event/types.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import {Awaitable, Rehydratable} from '../util'
+import {StaticClass} from '../di'
+
+/**
+ * A closure that should be executed with the given event is fired.
+ */
+export type EventSubscriber<T extends Dispatchable> = (event: T) => Awaitable<void>
+
+/**
+ * An object used to track event subscriptions internally.
+ */
+export interface EventSubscriberEntry<T extends Dispatchable> {
+    /** Globally unique ID of this subscription. */
+    id: string
+
+    /** The event class subscribed to. */
+    event: StaticClass<T, T>
+
+    /** The closure to execute when the event is fired. */
+    subscriber: EventSubscriber<T>
+}
+
+/**
+ * An object returned upon subscription, used to unsubscribe.
+ */
+export interface EventSubscription {
+    /**
+     * Unsubscribe the associated listener from the event bus.
+     */
+    unsubscribe(): Awaitable<void>
+}
+
+/**
+ * An instance of something that can be fired on an event bus.
+ */
+export interface Dispatchable extends Rehydratable {
+    shouldQueue?: boolean
+}
+
+/**
+ * An event-driven bus that manages subscribers and dispatched items.
+ */
+export interface Bus {
+    subscribe<T extends Dispatchable>(eventClass: StaticClass<T, T>, subscriber: EventSubscriber<T>): Awaitable<EventSubscription>
+    unsubscribe<T extends Dispatchable>(subscriber: EventSubscriber<T>): Awaitable<void>
+    dispatch(event: Dispatchable): Awaitable<void>
+}

src/forms/FormRequest.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import {Container, Injectable, InjectParam} from '../di'
-import {Request} from "../http/lifecycle/Request";
+import {Request} from '../http/lifecycle/Request'
 import {Valid, ValidationRules} from './rules/types'
 import {Validator} from './Validator'
-import {AppClass} from "../lifecycle/AppClass";
+import {AppClass} from '../lifecycle/AppClass'
-import {DataContainer} from "../http/lifecycle/Request";
+import {DataContainer} from '../http/lifecycle/Request'
 
 /**
  * Base class for defining reusable validators for request routes.
@@ -30,10 +30,12 @@ export abstract class FormRequest<T> extends AppClass {
 
     constructor(
         @InjectParam(Request)
-        protected readonly data: DataContainer
+        protected readonly data: DataContainer,
-    ) { super() }
+    ) {
+        super()
+    }
 
-    protected container() {
+    protected container(): Container {
         return (this.data as unknown) as Container
     }
 

src/forms/Validator.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-import {Valid, ValidationResult, ValidationRules, ValidatorFunction, ValidatorFunctionParams} from "./rules/types";
+import {Valid, ValidationResult, ValidationRules, ValidatorFunction, ValidatorFunctionParams} from './rules/types'
-import {Messages, ErrorWithContext, dataWalkUnsafe, dataSetUnsafe} from "../util";
+import {Messages, ErrorWithContext, dataWalkUnsafe, dataSetUnsafe} from '../util'
 
 /**
  * An error thrown thrown when an object fails its validation.
@@ -7,15 +7,16 @@ import {Messages, ErrorWithContext, dataWalkUnsafe, dataSetUnsafe} from "../util
 export class ValidationError<T> extends ErrorWithContext {
     constructor(
         /** The original input data. */
-        public readonly data: any,
+        public readonly data: unknown,
 
         /** The validator instance used. */
         public readonly validator: Validator<T>,
 
         /** Validation error messages, by field. */
-        public readonly errors: Messages
+        public readonly errors: Messages,
     ) {
-        super('One or more fields were invalid.', { data, messages: errors.all() });
+        super('One or more fields were invalid.', { data,
+            messages: errors.all() })
     }
 }
 
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ export class ValidationError<T> extends ErrorWithContext {
 export class Validator<T> {
     constructor(
         /** The rules used to validate input objects. */
-        protected readonly rules: ValidationRules
+        protected readonly rules: ValidationRules,
     ) {}
 
     /**
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ export class Validator<T> {
      * Returns true if the given data is valid and type aliases it as Valid<T>.
      * @param data
      */
-    public async isValid(data: any): Promise<boolean> {
+    public async isValid(data: unknown): Promise<boolean> {
         return !(await this.validateAndGetErrors(data)).any()
     }
 
@@ -56,18 +57,20 @@ export class Validator<T> {
      * @param data
      * @protected
      */
-    protected async validateAndGetErrors(data: any): Promise<Messages> {
+    protected async validateAndGetErrors(data: unknown): Promise<Messages> {
         const messages = new Messages()
         const params: ValidatorFunctionParams = { data }
 
         for ( const key in this.rules ) {
-            if ( !this.rules.hasOwnProperty(key) ) continue;
+            if ( !Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this.rules, key) ) {
+                continue
+            }
 
             // This walks over all of the values in the data structure using the nested
             // key notation. It's not type-safe, but neither is the original input object
             // yet, so it's useful here.
-            for ( const walkEntry of dataWalkUnsafe<any>(data, key) ) {
+            for ( const walkEntry of dataWalkUnsafe<any>(data as any, key) ) {
-                let [entry, dataKey] = walkEntry
+                let [entry, dataKey] = walkEntry  // eslint-disable-line prefer-const
                 const rules = (Array.isArray(this.rules[key]) ? this.rules[key] : [this.rules[key]]) as ValidatorFunction[]
 
                 for ( const rule of rules ) {
@@ -83,13 +86,15 @@ export class Validator<T> {
                         }
 
                         for ( const error of errors ) {
-                            if ( !messages.has(dataKey, error) ) messages.put(dataKey, error)
+                            if ( !messages.has(dataKey, error) ) {
+                                messages.put(dataKey, error)
+                            }
                         }
                     }
 
                     if ( result.valid && result.castValue ) {
                         entry = result.castValue
-                        data = dataSetUnsafe(dataKey, entry, data)
+                        data = dataSetUnsafe(dataKey, entry, data as any)
                     }
 
                     if ( result.stopValidation ) {

src/forms/middleware.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import {Instantiable} from '../di'
 import {FormRequest} from './FormRequest'
 import {ValidationError} from './Validator'
-import {ResponseObject, RouteHandler} from "../http/routing/Route";
+import {ResponseObject, RouteHandler} from '../http/routing/Route'
-import {Request} from "../http/lifecycle/Request";
+import {Request} from '../http/lifecycle/Request'
 
 /**
  * Builds a middleware function that validates a request's input against

src/forms/rules/arrays.ts

@@ -1,130 +1,150 @@
-import {ValidationResult, ValidatorFunction} from "./types";
+import {ValidationResult, ValidatorFunction} from './types'
 
-export namespace Arr {
+/** Requires the input value to be an array. */
-    /** Requires the input value to be an array. */
+function is(fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult {
-    export function is(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
     if ( Array.isArray(inputValue) ) {
         return { valid: true }
     }
 
     return {
         valid: false,
-            message: 'must be an array'
+        message: 'must be an array',
-        }
     }
+}
 
-    /** Requires the values in the input value array to be distinct. */
+/** Requires the values in the input value array to be distinct. */
-    export function distinct(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+function distinct(fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult {
     const arr = is(fieldName, inputValue)
-        if ( !arr.valid ) return arr
+    if ( !arr.valid ) {
+        return arr
+    }
 
-        if ( (new Set(inputValue)).size === inputValue.length ) {
+    if ( Array.isArray(inputValue) && (new Set(inputValue)).size === inputValue.length ) {
         return { valid: true }
     }
 
     return {
         valid: false,
-            message: 'must not contain duplicate values'
+        message: 'must not contain duplicate values',
-        }
     }
+}
 
-    /**
+/**
  * Builds a validator function that requires the input array to contain the given value.
  * @param value
  */
-    export function includes(value: any): ValidatorFunction {
+function includes(value: unknown): ValidatorFunction {
-        return function includes(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+    return (fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult => {
         const arr = is(fieldName, inputValue)
-            if ( !arr.valid ) return arr
+        if ( !arr.valid ) {
+            return arr
+        }
 
-            if ( inputValue.includes(value) ) {
+        if ( Array.isArray(inputValue) && inputValue.includes(value) ) {
             return { valid: true }
         }
 
         return {
             valid: false,
-                message: `must include ${value}`
+            message: `must include ${value}`,
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Builds a validator function that requires the input array NOT to contain the given value.
-     * @param value
-     */
-    export function excludes(value: any): ValidatorFunction {
-        return function excludes(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
-            const arr = is(fieldName, inputValue)
-            if ( !arr.valid ) return arr
-
-            if ( !inputValue.includes(value) ) {
-                return { valid: true }
-            }
-
-            return {
-                valid: false,
-                message: `must not include ${value}`
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Builds a validator function that requires the input array to have exactly `len` many entries.
-     * @param len
-     */
-    export function length(len: number): ValidatorFunction {
-        return function length(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
-            const arr = is(fieldName, inputValue)
-            if ( !arr.valid ) return arr
-
-            if ( inputValue.length === len ) {
-                return { valid: true }
-            }
-
-            return {
-                valid: false,
-                message: `must be exactly of length ${len}`
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Builds a validator function that requires the input array to have at least `len` many entries.
-     * @param len
-     */
-    export function lengthMin(len: number): ValidatorFunction {
-        return function lengthMin(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
-            const arr = is(fieldName, inputValue)
-            if ( !arr.valid ) return arr
-
-            if ( inputValue.length >= len ) {
-                return { valid: true }
-            }
-
-            return {
-                valid: false,
-                message: `must be at least length ${len}`
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Builds a validator function that requires the input array to have at most `len` many entries.
-     * @param len
-     */
-    export function lengthMax(len: number): ValidatorFunction {
-        return function lengthMax(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
-            const arr = is(fieldName, inputValue)
-            if ( !arr.valid ) return arr
-
-            if ( inputValue.length <= len ) {
-                return { valid: true }
-            }
-
-            return {
-                valid: false,
-                message: `must be at most length ${len}`
-            }
         }
     }
 }
+
+/**
+ * Builds a validator function that requires the input array NOT to contain the given value.
+ * @param value
+ */
+function excludes(value: unknown): ValidatorFunction {
+    return (fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult => {
+        const arr = is(fieldName, inputValue)
+        if ( !arr.valid ) {
+            return arr
+        }
+
+        if ( Array.isArray(inputValue) && !inputValue.includes(value) ) {
+            return { valid: true }
+        }
+
+        return {
+            valid: false,
+            message: `must not include ${value}`,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Builds a validator function that requires the input array to have exactly `len` many entries.
+ * @param len
+ */
+function length(len: number): ValidatorFunction {
+    return (fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult => {
+        const arr = is(fieldName, inputValue)
+        if ( !arr.valid ) {
+            return arr
+        }
+
+        if ( Array.isArray(inputValue) && inputValue.length === len ) {
+            return { valid: true }
+        }
+
+        return {
+            valid: false,
+            message: `must be exactly of length ${len}`,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Builds a validator function that requires the input array to have at least `len` many entries.
+ * @param len
+ */
+function lengthMin(len: number): ValidatorFunction {
+    return (fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult => {
+        const arr = is(fieldName, inputValue)
+        if ( !arr.valid ) {
+            return arr
+        }
+
+        if ( Array.isArray(inputValue) && inputValue.length >= len ) {
+            return { valid: true }
+        }
+
+        return {
+            valid: false,
+            message: `must be at least length ${len}`,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Builds a validator function that requires the input array to have at most `len` many entries.
+ * @param len
+ */
+function lengthMax(len: number): ValidatorFunction {
+    return (fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult => {
+        const arr = is(fieldName, inputValue)
+        if ( !arr.valid ) {
+            return arr
+        }
+
+        if ( Array.isArray(inputValue) && inputValue.length <= len ) {
+            return { valid: true }
+        }
+
+        return {
+            valid: false,
+            message: `must be at most length ${len}`,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+export const Arr = {
+    is,
+    distinct,
+    includes,
+    excludes,
+    length,
+    lengthMin,
+    lengthMax,
+}

src/forms/rules/inference.ts

@@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
 import {infer as inferUtil} from '../../util'
-import {ValidationResult} from "./types";
+import {ValidationResult} from './types'
 
-export namespace Cast {
+/** Attempt to infer the native type of a string value. */
-    /** Attempt to infer the native type of a string value. */
+function infer(fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult {
-    export function infer(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
     return {
         valid: true,
         castValue: typeof inputValue === 'string' ? inferUtil(inputValue) : inputValue,
     }
-    }
+}
 
-    /**
+/**
  * Casts the input value to a boolean.
  * Note that this assumes the value may be boolish. The strings "true", "True",
  * "TRUE", and "1" evaluate to `true`, while "false", "False", "FALSE", and "0"
@@ -18,32 +17,36 @@ export namespace Cast {
  * @param fieldName
  * @param inputValue
  */
-    export function boolean(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+function boolean(fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult {
-        let castValue = !!inputValue
+    let castValue = Boolean(inputValue)
 
-        if ( ['true', 'True', 'TRUE', '1'].includes(inputValue) ) castValue = true
+    if ( ['true', 'True', 'TRUE', '1'].includes(String(inputValue)) ) {
-        if ( ['false', 'False', 'FALSE', '0'].includes(inputValue) ) castValue = false
+        castValue = true
+    }
+    if ( ['false', 'False', 'FALSE', '0'].includes(String(inputValue)) ) {
+        castValue = false
+    }
 
     return {
         valid: true,
         castValue,
     }
-    }
+}
 
-    /** Casts the input value to a string. */
+/** Casts the input value to a string. */
-    export function string(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+function string(fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult {
     return {
         valid: true,
         castValue: String(inputValue),
     }
-    }
+}
 
-    /** Casts the input value to a number, if it is numerical. Fails otherwise. */
+/** Casts the input value to a number, if it is numerical. Fails otherwise. */
-    export function numeric(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+function numeric(fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult {
-        if ( !isNaN(parseFloat(inputValue)) ) {
+    if ( !isNaN(parseFloat(String(inputValue))) ) {
         return {
             valid: true,
-                castValue: parseFloat(inputValue)
+            castValue: parseFloat(String(inputValue)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -51,14 +54,14 @@ export namespace Cast {
         valid: false,
         message: 'must be numeric',
     }
-    }
+}
 
-    /** Casts the input value to an integer. Fails otherwise. */
+/** Casts the input value to an integer. Fails otherwise. */
-    export function integer(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+function integer(fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult {
-        if ( !isNaN(parseInt(inputValue)) ) {
+    if ( !isNaN(parseInt(String(inputValue), 10)) ) {
         return {
             valid: true,
-                castValue: parseInt(inputValue)
+            castValue: parseInt(String(inputValue), 10),
         }
     }
 
@@ -66,5 +69,12 @@ export namespace Cast {
         valid: false,
         message: 'must be an integer',
     }
-    }
+}
+
+export const Cast = {
+    infer,
+    boolean,
+    string,
+    numeric,
+    integer,
 }

src/forms/rules/numeric.ts

@@ -1,179 +1,178 @@
-import {ValidationResult, ValidatorFunction} from "./types";
+import {ValidationResult, ValidatorFunction} from './types'
 
-export namespace Num {
+/**
-    /**
  * Builds a validator function that requires the input value to be greater than some value.
  * @param value
  */
-    export function greaterThan(value: number): ValidatorFunction {
+function greaterThan(value: number): ValidatorFunction {
-        return function greaterThan(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+    return (fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult => {
-            if ( inputValue > value ) {
+        if ( Number(inputValue) > value ) {
             return { valid: true }
         }
 
         return {
             valid: false,
-                message: `must be greater than ${value}`
+            message: `must be greater than ${value}`,
-            }
         }
     }
+}
 
-    /**
+/**
  * Builds a validator function that requires the input value to be at least some value.
  * @param value
  */
-    export function atLeast(value: number): ValidatorFunction {
+function atLeast(value: number): ValidatorFunction {
-        return function atLeast(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+    return (fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult => {
-            if ( inputValue >= value ) {
+        if ( Number(inputValue) >= value ) {
             return { valid: true }
         }
 
         return {
             valid: false,
-                message: `must be at least ${value}`
+            message: `must be at least ${value}`,
-            }
         }
     }
+}
 
-    /**
+/**
  * Builds a validator function that requires the input value to be less than some value.
  * @param value
  */
-    export function lessThan(value: number): ValidatorFunction {
+function lessThan(value: number): ValidatorFunction {
-        return function lessThan(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+    return (fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult => {
-            if ( inputValue < value ) {
+        if ( Number(inputValue) < value ) {
             return { valid: true }
         }
 
         return {
             valid: false,
-                message: `must be less than ${value}`
+            message: `must be less than ${value}`,
-            }
         }
     }
+}
 
-    /**
+/**
  * Builds a validator function that requires the input value to be at most some value.
  * @param value
  */
-    export function atMost(value: number): ValidatorFunction {
+function atMost(value: number): ValidatorFunction {
-        return function atMost(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+    return (fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult => {
-            if ( inputValue <= value ) {
+        if ( Number(inputValue) <= value ) {
             return { valid: true }
         }
 
         return {
             valid: false,
-                message: `must be at most ${value}`
+            message: `must be at most ${value}`,
-            }
         }
     }
+}
 
-    /**
+/**
  * Builds a validator function that requires the input value to have exactly `num` many digits.
  * @param num
  */
-    export function digits(num: number): ValidatorFunction {
+function digits(num: number): ValidatorFunction {
-        return function digits(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+    return (fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult => {
         if ( String(inputValue).replace('.', '').length === num ) {
             return { valid: true }
         }
 
         return {
             valid: false,
-                message: `must have exactly ${num} digits`
+            message: `must have exactly ${num} digits`,
-            }
         }
     }
+}
 
-    /**
+/**
  * Builds a validator function that requires the input value to have at least `num` many digits.
  * @param num
  */
-    export function digitsMin(num: number): ValidatorFunction {
+function digitsMin(num: number): ValidatorFunction {
-        return function digitsMin(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+    return (fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult => {
         if ( String(inputValue).replace('.', '').length >= num ) {
             return { valid: true }
         }
 
         return {
             valid: false,
-                message: `must have at least ${num} digits`
+            message: `must have at least ${num} digits`,
-            }
         }
     }
+}
 
-    /**
+/**
  * Builds a validator function that requires the input value to have at most `num` many digits.
  * @param num
  */
-    export function digitsMax(num: number): ValidatorFunction {
+function digitsMax(num: number): ValidatorFunction {
-        return function digitsMax(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+    return (fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult => {
         if ( String(inputValue).replace('.', '').length <= num ) {
             return { valid: true }
         }
 
         return {
             valid: false,
-                message: `must have at most ${num} digits`
+            message: `must have at most ${num} digits`,
-            }
         }
     }
+}
 
-    /**
+/**
  * Builds a validator function that requires the input value to end with the given number sequence.
  * @param num
  */
-    export function ends(num: number): ValidatorFunction {
+function ends(num: number): ValidatorFunction {
-        return function ends(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+    return (fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult => {
         if ( String(inputValue).endsWith(String(num)) ) {
             return { valid: true }
         }
 
         return {
             valid: false,
-                message: `must end with "${num}"`
+            message: `must end with "${num}"`,
-            }
         }
     }
+}
 
-    /**
+/**
  * Builds a validator function that requires the input value to begin with the given number sequence.
  * @param num
  */
-    export function begins(num: number): ValidatorFunction {
+function begins(num: number): ValidatorFunction {
-        return function begins(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+    return (fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult => {
         if ( String(inputValue).startsWith(String(num)) ) {
             return { valid: true }
         }
 
         return {
             valid: false,
-                message: `must begin with "${num}"`
+            message: `must begin with "${num}"`,
-            }
         }
     }
+}
 
-    /**
+/**
  * Builds a validator function that requires the input value to be a multiple of the given number.
  * @param num
  */
-    export function multipleOf(num: number): ValidatorFunction {
+function multipleOf(num: number): ValidatorFunction {
-        return function multipleOf(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+    return (fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult => {
-            if ( inputValue % num === 0 ) {
+        if ( parseFloat(String(inputValue)) % num === 0 ) {
             return { valid: true }
         }
 
         return {
             valid: false,
-                message: `must be a multiple of ${num}`
+            message: `must be a multiple of ${num}`,
-            }
         }
     }
+}
 
-    /** Requires the input value to be even. */
+/** Requires the input value to be even. */
-    export function even(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+function even(fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult {
-        if ( inputValue % 2 === 0 ) {
+    if ( parseFloat(String(inputValue)) % 2 === 0 ) {
         return { valid: true }
     }
 
@@ -181,11 +180,11 @@ export namespace Num {
         valid: false,
         message: 'must be even',
     }
-    }
+}
 
-    /** Requires the input value to be odd. */
+/** Requires the input value to be odd. */
-    export function odd(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+function odd(fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult {
-        if ( inputValue % 2 === 0 ) {
+    if ( parseFloat(String(inputValue)) % 2 === 0 ) {
         return { valid: true }
     }
 
@@ -193,5 +192,19 @@ export namespace Num {
         valid: false,
         message: 'must be odd',
     }
-    }
+}
+
+export const Num = {
+    greaterThan,
+    atLeast,
+    lessThan,
+    atMost,
+    digits,
+    digitsMin,
+    digitsMax,
+    ends,
+    begins,
+    multipleOf,
+    even,
+    odd,
 }

src/forms/rules/presence.ts

@@ -1,46 +1,45 @@
-import {ValidationResult, ValidatorFunction} from "./types";
+import {ValidationResult, ValidatorFunction} from './types'
 import {UniversalPath} from '../../util'
 
-export namespace Is {
+/** Requires the given input value to be some form of affirmative boolean. */
-    /** Requires the given input value to be some form of affirmative boolean. */
+function accepted(fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult {
-    export function accepted(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+    if ( ['yes', 'Yes', 'YES', 1, true, 'true', 'True', 'TRUE'].includes(String(inputValue)) ) {
-        if ( ['yes', 'Yes', 'YES', 1, true, 'true', 'True', 'TRUE'].includes(inputValue) ) {
         return { valid: true }
     }
 
     return {
         valid: false,
-            message: 'must be accepted'
+        message: 'must be accepted',
-        }
     }
+}
 
-    /** Requires the given input value to be some form of boolean. */
+/** Requires the given input value to be some form of boolean. */
-    export function boolean(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+function boolean(fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult {
     const boolish = ['true', 'True', 'TRUE', '1', 'false', 'False', 'FALSE', '0', true, false, 1, 0]
-        if ( boolish.includes(inputValue) ) {
+    if ( boolish.includes(String(inputValue)) ) {
         return { valid: true }
     }
 
     return {
         valid: false,
-            message: 'must be true or false'
+        message: 'must be true or false',
-        }
     }
+}
 
-    /** Requires the input value to be of type string. */
+/** Requires the input value to be of type string. */
-    export function string(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+function string(fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult {
     if ( typeof inputValue === 'string' ) {
         return { valid: true }
     }
 
     return {
         valid: false,
-            message: 'must be a string'
+        message: 'must be a string',
-        }
     }
+}
 
-    /** Requires the given input value to be present and non-nullish. */
+/** Requires the given input value to be present and non-nullish. */
-    export function required(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+function required(fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult {
     if ( typeof inputValue !== 'undefined' && inputValue !== null && inputValue !== '' ) {
         return { valid: true }
     }
@@ -50,20 +49,20 @@ export namespace Is {
         message: 'is required',
         stopValidation: true,
     }
-    }
+}
 
-    /** Alias of required(). */
+/** Alias of required(). */
-    export function present(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+function present(fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult {
     return required(fieldName, inputValue)
-    }
+}
 
-    /** Alias of required(). */
+/** Alias of required(). */
-    export function filled(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+function filled(fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult {
     return required(fieldName, inputValue)
-    }
+}
 
-    /** Requires the given input value to be absent or nullish. */
+/** Requires the given input value to be absent or nullish. */
-    export function prohibited(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+function prohibited(fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult {
     if ( typeof inputValue === 'undefined' || inputValue === null || inputValue === '' ) {
         return { valid: true }
     }
@@ -73,55 +72,55 @@ export namespace Is {
         message: 'is not allowed',
         stopValidation: true,
     }
-    }
+}
 
-    /** Alias of prohibited(). */
+/** Alias of prohibited(). */
-    export function absent(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+function absent(fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult {
     return prohibited(fieldName, inputValue)
-    }
+}
 
-    /** Alias of prohibited(). */
+/** Alias of prohibited(). */
-    export function empty(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+function empty(fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult {
     return prohibited(fieldName, inputValue)
-    }
+}
 
-    /**
+/**
  * Builds a validator function that requires the given input to be found in an array of values.
  * @param values
  */
-    export function foundIn(values: any[]): ValidatorFunction {
+function foundIn(values: any[]): ValidatorFunction {
-        return function foundIn(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+    return (fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult => {
         if ( values.includes(inputValue) ) {
             return { valid: true }
         }
 
         return {
             valid: false,
-                message: `must be one of: ${values.join(', ')}`
+            message: `must be one of: ${values.join(', ')}`,
-            }
         }
     }
+}
 
-    /**
+/**
  * Builds a validator function that requires the given input NOT to be found in an array of values.
  * @param values
  */
-    export function notFoundIn(values: any[]): ValidatorFunction {
+function notFoundIn(values: any[]): ValidatorFunction {
-        return function foundIn(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+    return (fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult => {
         if ( values.includes(inputValue) ) {
             return { valid: true }
         }
 
         return {
             valid: false,
-                message: `must be one of: ${values.join(', ')}`
+            message: `must be one of: ${values.join(', ')}`,
-            }
         }
     }
+}
 
-    /** Requires the input value to be number-like. */
+/** Requires the input value to be number-like. */
-    export function numeric(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+function numeric(fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult {
-        if ( !isNaN(parseFloat(inputValue)) ) {
+    if ( !isNaN(parseFloat(String(inputValue))) ) {
         return { valid: true }
     }
 
@@ -129,11 +128,11 @@ export namespace Is {
         valid: false,
         message: 'must be numeric',
     }
-    }
+}
 
-    /** Requires the given input value to be integer-like. */
+/** Requires the given input value to be integer-like. */
-    export function integer(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+function integer(fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult {
-        if ( !isNaN(parseInt(inputValue)) && parseInt(inputValue) === parseFloat(inputValue) ) {
+    if ( !isNaN(parseInt(String(inputValue), 10)) && parseInt(String(inputValue), 10) === parseFloat(String(inputValue)) ) {
         return { valid: true }
     }
 
@@ -141,28 +140,28 @@ export namespace Is {
         valid: false,
         message: 'must be an integer',
     }
-    }
+}
 
-    /** Requires the given input value to be a UniversalPath. */
+/** Requires the given input value to be a UniversalPath. */
-    export function file(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+function file(fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult {
     if ( inputValue instanceof UniversalPath ) {
         return { valid: true }
     }
 
     return {
         valid: false,
-            message: 'must be a file'
+        message: 'must be a file',
-        }
     }
+}
 
-    /**
+/**
  * A special validator function that marks a field as optional.
  * If the value of the field is nullish, no further validation rules will be applied.
  * If it is non-nullish, validation will continue.
  * @param fieldName
  * @param inputValue
  */
-    export function optional(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+function optional(fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult {
     if ( inputValue ?? true ) {
         return {
             valid: true,
@@ -171,5 +170,22 @@ export namespace Is {
     }
 
     return { valid: true }
-    }
+}
+
+export const Is = {
+    accepted,
+    boolean,
+    string,
+    required,
+    present,
+    filled,
+    prohibited,
+    absent,
+    empty,
+    foundIn,
+    notFoundIn,
+    numeric,
+    integer,
+    file,
+    optional,
 }

src/forms/rules/strings.ts

@@ -1,224 +1,245 @@
-import {ValidationResult, ValidatorFunction} from "./types";
+import {ValidationResult, ValidatorFunction} from './types'
 import {isJSON} from '../../util'
 
 /**
  * String-related validation rules.
  */
-export namespace Str {
+const regexes: {[key: string]: RegExp} = {
-    const regexes: {[key: string]: RegExp} = {
     'string.is.alpha': /[a-zA-Z]*/,
     'string.is.alpha_num': /[a-zA-Z0-9]*/,
-        'string.is.alpha_dash': /[a-zA-Z\-]*/,
+    'string.is.alpha_dash': /[a-zA-Z-]*/,
     'string.is.alpha_score': /[a-zA-Z_]*/,
     'string.is.alpha_num_dash_score': /[a-zA-Z\-_0-9]*/,
-        'string.is.email': /(?:[a-z0-9!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+(?:\.[a-z0-9!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+)*|"(?:[\x01-\x08\x0b\x0c\x0e-\x1f\x21\x23-\x5b\x5d-\x7f]|\\[\x01-\x09\x0b\x0c\x0e-\x7f])*")@(?:(?:[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?\.)+[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?|\[(?:(?:(2(5[0-5]|[0-4][0-9])|1[0-9][0-9]|[1-9]?[0-9]))\.){3}(?:(2(5[0-5]|[0-4][0-9])|1[0-9][0-9]|[1-9]?[0-9])|[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9]:(?:[\x01-\x08\x0b\x0c\x0e-\x1f\x21-\x5a\x53-\x7f]|\\[\x01-\x09\x0b\x0c\x0e-\x7f])+)])/,
+    'string.is.email': /(?:[a-z0-9!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+(?:\.[a-z0-9!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+)*|"(?:[\x01-\x08\x0b\x0c\x0e-\x1f\x21\x23-\x5b\x5d-\x7f]|\\[\x01-\x09\x0b\x0c\x0e-\x7f])*")@(?:(?:[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?\.)+[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?|\[(?:(?:(2(5[0-5]|[0-4][0-9])|1[0-9][0-9]|[1-9]?[0-9]))\.){3}(?:(2(5[0-5]|[0-4][0-9])|1[0-9][0-9]|[1-9]?[0-9])|[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9]:(?:[\x01-\x08\x0b\x0c\x0e-\x1f\x21-\x5a\x53-\x7f]|\\[\x01-\x09\x0b\x0c\x0e-\x7f])+)])/,  // eslint-disable-line no-control-regex
     'string.is.ip': /((^\s*((([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])\.){3}([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5]))\s*$)|(^\s*((([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){7}([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){6}(:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){5}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,2})|:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){4}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,3})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){3}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,4})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,2}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){2}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,5})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,3}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){1}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,6})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,4}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(:(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,7})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,5}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:)))(%.+)?\s*$))/,
     'string.is.ip.v4': /(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)){3}/,
     'string.is.ip.v6': /(([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){7}[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,7}:|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,6}:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,5}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,2}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,4}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,3}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,3}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,4}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,2}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,5}|[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:((:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,6})|:((:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,7}|:)|fe80:(:[0-9a-fA-F]{0,4}){0,4}%[0-9a-zA-Z]+|::(ffff(:0{1,4})?:)?((25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1?[0-9])?[0-9])\.){3}(25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1?[0-9])?[0-9])|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,4}:((25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1?[0-9])?[0-9])\.){3}(25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1?[0-9])?[0-9]))/,
     'string.is.mime': /^(?=[-a-z]{1,127}\/[-.a-z0-9]{1,127}$)[a-z]+(-[a-z]+)*\/[a-z0-9]+([-.][a-z0-9]+)*$/,
-        'string.is.url': /((([A-Za-z]{3,9}:(?:\/\/)?)(?:[\-;:&=+$,\w]+@)?[A-Za-z0-9.\-]+|(?:www\.|[\-;:&=+$,\w]+@)[A-Za-z0-9.\-]+)((?:\/[+~%\/.\w\-_]*)?\??(?:[\-+=&;%@.\w_]*)#?(?:[.!\/\\\w]*))?)/,
+    'string.is.url': /((([A-Za-z]{3,9}:(?:\/\/)?)(?:[-;:&=+$,\w]+@)?[A-Za-z0-9.-]+|(?:www\.|[-;:&=+$,\w]+@)[A-Za-z0-9.-]+)((?:\/[+~%/.\w\-_]*)?\??(?:[-+=&;%@.\w_]*)#?(?:[.!/\\\w]*))?)/,
     'string.is.uuid': /^[0-9a-fA-F]{8}\b-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}\b-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}\b-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}\b-[0-9a-fA-F]{12}$/,
-    }
+}
 
-    function validateRex(key: string, inputValue: any, message: string): ValidationResult {
+function validateRex(key: string, inputValue: unknown, message: string): ValidationResult {
-        if ( regexes[key].test(inputValue) ) {
+    if ( regexes[key].test(String(inputValue)) ) {
         return { valid: true }
     }
 
     return {
         valid: false,
-            message
+        message,
-        }
     }
+}
 
-    /** Requires the input value to be alphabetical characters only. */
+/** Requires the input value to be alphabetical characters only. */
-    export function alpha(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+function alpha(fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult {
     return validateRex('string.is.alpha', inputValue, 'must be alphabetical only')
-    }
+}
 
-    /** Requires the input value to be alphanumeric characters only. */
+/** Requires the input value to be alphanumeric characters only. */
-    export function alphaNum(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+function alphaNum(fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult {
     return validateRex('string.is.alpha_num', inputValue, 'must be alphanumeric only')
-    }
+}
 
-    /** Requires the input value to be alphabetical characters or the "-" character only. */
+/** Requires the input value to be alphabetical characters or the "-" character only. */
-    export function alphaDash(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+function alphaDash(fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult {
     return validateRex('string.is.alpha_dash', inputValue, 'must be alphabetical and dashes only')
-    }
+}
 
-    /** Requires the input value to be alphabetical characters or the "_" character only. */
+/** Requires the input value to be alphabetical characters or the "_" character only. */
-    export function alphaScore(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+function alphaScore(fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult {
     return validateRex('string.is.alpha_score', inputValue, 'must be alphabetical and underscores only')
-    }
+}
 
-    /** Requires the input value to be alphabetical characters, numeric characters, "-", or "_" only. */
+/** Requires the input value to be alphabetical characters, numeric characters, "-", or "_" only. */
-    export function alphaNumDashScore(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+function alphaNumDashScore(fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult {
     return validateRex('string.is.alpha_num_dash_score', inputValue, 'must be alphanumeric, dashes, and underscores only')
-    }
+}
 
-    /** Requires the input value to be a valid RFC email address format. */
+/** Requires the input value to be a valid RFC email address format. */
-    export function email(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+function email(fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult {
     return validateRex('string.is.email', inputValue, 'must be an email address')
-    }
+}
 
-    /** Requires the input value to be a valid IPv4 or IPv6 address. */
+/** Requires the input value to be a valid IPv4 or IPv6 address. */
-    export function ip(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+function ip(fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult {
     return validateRex('string.is.ip', inputValue, 'must be a valid IP address')
-    }
+}
 
-    /** Requires the input value to be a valid IPv4 address. */
+/** Requires the input value to be a valid IPv4 address. */
-    export function ipv4(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+function ipv4(fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult {
     return validateRex('string.is.ip.v4', inputValue, 'must be a valid IP version 4 address')
-    }
+}
 
-    /** Requires the input value to be a valid IPv6 address. */
+/** Requires the input value to be a valid IPv6 address. */
-    export function ipv6(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+function ipv6(fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult {
     return validateRex('string.is.ip.v6', inputValue, 'must be a valid IP version 6 address')
-    }
+}
 
-    /** Requires the input value to be a valid file MIME type. */
+/** Requires the input value to be a valid file MIME type. */
-    export function mime(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+function mime(fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult {
     return validateRex('string.is.mime', inputValue, 'must be a valid MIME-type')
-    }
+}
 
-    /** Requires the input value to be a valid RFC URL format. */
+/** Requires the input value to be a valid RFC URL format. */
-    export function url(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+function url(fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult {
     return validateRex('string.is.url', inputValue, 'must be a valid URL')
-    }
+}
 
-    /** Requires the input value to be a valid RFC UUID format. */
+/** Requires the input value to be a valid RFC UUID format. */
-    export function uuid(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+function uuid(fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult {
     return validateRex('string.is.uuid', inputValue, 'must be a valid UUID')
-    }
+}
 
-    /**
+/**
  * Builds a validation function that requires the input value to match the given regex.
  * @param rex
  */
-    export function regex(rex: RegExp): ValidatorFunction {
+function regex(rex: RegExp): ValidatorFunction {
-        return function regex(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+    return (fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult => {
-            if ( rex.test(inputValue) ) {
+        if ( rex.test(String(inputValue)) ) {
             return { valid: true }
         }
 
         return {
             valid: false,
-                message: 'is not valid'
+            message: 'is not valid',
-            }
         }
     }
+}
 
-    /**
+/**
  * Builds a validation function that requires the input to NOT match the given regex.
  * @param rex
  */
-    export function notRegex(rex: RegExp): ValidatorFunction {
+function notRegex(rex: RegExp): ValidatorFunction {
-        return function notRegex(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+    return (fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult => {
-            if ( !rex.test(inputValue) ) {
+        if ( !rex.test(String(inputValue)) ) {
             return { valid: true }
         }
 
         return {
             valid: false,
-                message: 'is not valid'
+            message: 'is not valid',
-            }
         }
     }
+}
 
-    /**
+/**
  * Builds a validation function that requires the given input to end with the substring.
  * @param substr
  */
-    export function ends(substr: string): ValidatorFunction {
+function ends(substr: string): ValidatorFunction {
-        return function ends(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+    return (fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult => {
         if ( String(inputValue).endsWith(substr) ) {
             return { valid: true }
         }
 
         return {
             valid: false,
-                message: `must end with "${substr}"`
+            message: `must end with "${substr}"`,
-            }
         }
     }
+}
 
-    /**
+/**
  * Builds a validation function that requires the given input to begin with the substring.
  * @param substr
  */
-    export function begins(substr: string): ValidatorFunction {
+function begins(substr: string): ValidatorFunction {
-        return function begins(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
+    return (fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult => {
         if ( String(inputValue).startsWith(substr) ) {
             return { valid: true }
         }
 
         return {
             valid: false,
-                message: `must begin with "${substr}"`
+            message: `must begin with "${substr}"`,
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /** Requires the input value to be a valid JSON string. */
-    export function json(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
-        if ( isJSON(inputValue) ) {
-            return { valid: true }
-        }
-
-        return {
-            valid: false,
-            message: 'must be valid JSON'
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Builds a validator function that requires the input value to have exactly len many characters.
-     * @param len
-     */
-    export function length(len: number): ValidatorFunction {
-        return function length(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
-            if ( inputValue.length === len ) {
-                return { valid: true }
-            }
-
-            return {
-                valid: false,
-                message: `must be exactly of length ${len}`
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Builds a validator function that requires the input value to have at least len many characters.
-     * @param len
-     */
-    export function lengthMin(len: number): ValidatorFunction {
-        return function lengthMin(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
-            if ( inputValue.length >= len ) {
-                return { valid: true }
-            }
-
-            return {
-                valid: false,
-                message: `must be at least length ${len}`
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Builds a validator function that requires the input value to have at most len many characters.
-     * @param len
-     */
-    export function lengthMax(len: number): ValidatorFunction {
-        return function lengthMax(fieldName: string, inputValue: any): ValidationResult {
-            if ( inputValue.length <= len ) {
-                return { valid: true }
-            }
-
-            return {
-                valid: false,
-                message: `must be at most length ${len}`
-            }
         }
     }
 }
+
+/** Requires the input value to be a valid JSON string. */
+function json(fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult {
+    if ( isJSON(String(inputValue)) ) {
+        return { valid: true }
+    }
+
+    return {
+        valid: false,
+        message: 'must be valid JSON',
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Builds a validator function that requires the input value to have exactly len many characters.
+ * @param len
+ */
+function length(len: number): ValidatorFunction {
+    return (fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult => {
+        if ( String(inputValue).length === len ) {
+            return { valid: true }
+        }
+
+        return {
+            valid: false,
+            message: `must be exactly of length ${len}`,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Builds a validator function that requires the input value to have at least len many characters.
+ * @param len
+ */
+function lengthMin(len: number): ValidatorFunction {
+    return (fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult => {
+        if ( String(inputValue).length >= len ) {
+            return { valid: true }
+        }
+
+        return {
+            valid: false,
+            message: `must be at least length ${len}`,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Builds a validator function that requires the input value to have at most len many characters.
+ * @param len
+ */
+function lengthMax(len: number): ValidatorFunction {
+    return (fieldName: string, inputValue: unknown): ValidationResult => {
+        if ( String(inputValue).length <= len ) {
+            return { valid: true }
+        }
+
+        return {
+            valid: false,
+            message: `must be at most length ${len}`,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+export const Str = {
+    alpha,
+    alphaNum,
+    alphaDash,
+    alphaScore,
+    alphaNumDashScore,
+    email,
+    ip,
+    ipv4,
+    ipv6,
+    mime,
+    url,
+    uuid,
+    regex,
+    notRegex,
+    ends,
+    begins,
+    json,
+    length,
+    lengthMin,
+    lengthMax,
+}

src/forms/templates/form.ts

@@ -1,14 +1,12 @@
-import {UniversalPath} from '../../util'
 import {Template} from '../../cli'
 
-const form_template: Template = {
+const templateForm: Template = {
     name: 'form',
     fileSuffix: '.form.ts',
     description: 'Create a new form request validator',
     baseAppPath: ['http', 'forms'],
-    render(name: string, fullCanonicalName: string, targetFilePath: UniversalPath) {
+    render(name: string) {
-        return `import {FormRequest, ValidationRules, Rule} from '@extollo/forms'
+        return `import {Injectable, FormRequest, ValidationRules, Rule} from '@extollo/lib'
-import {Injectable} from '@extollo/di'
 
 /**
  * ${name} object
@@ -40,7 +38,7 @@ export class ${name}FormRequest extends FormRequest<${name}Form> {
     }
 }
 `
-    }
+    },
 }
 
-export { form_template }
+export { templateForm }

src/forms/unit/Forms.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import {Singleton, Inject} from '../../di'
 import {CommandLine} from '../../cli'
-import {form_template} from '../templates/form'
+import {templateForm} from '../templates/form'
-import {Unit} from "../../lifecycle/Unit";
+import {Unit} from '../../lifecycle/Unit'
-import {Logging} from "../../service/Logging";
+import {Logging} from '../../service/Logging'
 
 @Singleton()
 export class Forms extends Unit {
@@ -13,6 +13,6 @@ export class Forms extends Unit {
     protected readonly logging!: Logging
 
     public async up(): Promise<void> {
-        this.cli.registerTemplate(form_template)
+        this.cli.registerTemplate(templateForm)
     }
 }

src/http/Controller.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-import {AppClass} from "../lifecycle/AppClass";
+import {AppClass} from '../lifecycle/AppClass'
-import {Request} from "./lifecycle/Request";
+import {Request} from './lifecycle/Request'
+import {Container} from '../di'
 
 /**
  * Base class for controllers that define methods that
@@ -7,10 +8,12 @@ import {Request} from "./lifecycle/Request";
  */
 export class Controller extends AppClass {
     constructor(
-        protected readonly request: Request
+        protected readonly request: Request,
-    ) { super() }
+    ) {
+        super()
+    }
 
-    protected container() {
+    protected container(): Container {
         return this.request
     }
 }