papers-we-love_papers-we-love/machine_learning/README.md

# Machine Learning

## External Papers

* [Top 10 algorithms in data mining](http://www.cs.uvm.edu/~icdm/algorithms/10Algorithms-08.pdf)

  While it is difficult to identify the top 10, this paper contains 10 very important data mining/machine learning algorithms

* [A Few Useful Things to Know about Machine Learning](http://homes.cs.washington.edu/~pedrod/papers/cacm12.pdf)

  Just like the title says, it contains many useful tips and gotchas for machine learning
* [Random Forests](https://www.stat.berkeley.edu/~breiman/randomforest2001.pdf)

  The initial paper on random forests
* [Conditional Random Fields: Probabilistic Models for Segmenting and Labeling Sequence Data](http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1162&context=cis_papers)

  The paper introducing conditional random fields as a framework for building probabilistic models.
* [Support-Vector Networks](http://rd.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2FBF00994018.pdf)

  The initial paper on support-vector networks for classification.

* [The Fast Johnson-Lindenstrauss Transforms](https://www.cs.princeton.edu/~chazelle/pubs/FJLT-sicomp09.pdf)

    The Johnson-Lindenstrauss transform (JLT) prescribes that there exists a matrix of size `k x d`, where `k = O(1/eps^2 log d)` such that with high probability, a matrix A drawn from this distribution preserves pairwise distances up to epsilon (e.g. `(1-eps) * ||x-y|| < ||Ax - Ay|| < (1+eps) ||x-y||`). This paper was the first paper to show that you can actually compute the JLT in less that `O(kd)` operations (e.g. you don't need to do the full matrix multiplication). They used their faster algorithm to construct one of the fastest known approximate nearest neighbor algorithms.

    *Ailon, Nir, and Bernard Chazelle. "The fast Johnson-Lindenstrauss transform and approximate nearest neighbors." SIAM Journal on Computing 39.1 (2009): 302-322. Available: https://www.cs.princeton.edu/~chazelle/pubs/FJLT-sicomp09.pdf*

* [Applications of Machine Learning to Location Data](http://www.berkkapicioglu.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/thesis_final.pdf) 

  Using machine learning to design and analyze novel algorithms that leverage location data.

* ["Why Should I Trust You?" Explaining the Predictions of Any Classifier](http://www.kdd.org/kdd2016/papers/files/rfp0573-ribeiroA.pdf)

  This paper introduces an explanation technique for any classifier in a interpretable manner. 

* [Multiple Narrative Disentanglement: Unraveling *Infinite Jest*](http://dreammachin.es/p1-wallace.pdf)

  Uses an unsupervised approach to natural language processing that classifies narrators in David Foster Wallace's 1,000-page novel.

* [ImageNet Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks](http://papers.nips.cc/paper/4824-imagenet-classification-with-deep-convolutional-neural-networks.pdf)

  This paper introduces AlexNet, a neural network architecture which dramatically improved over the state-of-the-art in image classification algorithms and is widely regarded as a breakthrough moment for deep learning.

* [Interpretable machine learning: definitions, methods, and applications](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1901.04592.pdf)

  This paper introduces the foundations of the rapidly emerging field of interpretable machine learning.

* [Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Network](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1503.02531.pdf)

  This seminal paper introduces a method to distill information from an ensemble of neural networks into a single model.

## Hosted Papers

* :scroll: **[A Sparse Johnson-Lindenstrauss Transform](dimensionality_reduction/a-sparse-johnson-lindenstrauss-transform.pdf)**

    The JLT is still computationally expensive for a lot of applications and one goal would be to minimize the overall operations needed to do the aforementioned matrix multiplication. This paper showed that a goal of a `O(k log d)` algorithm (e.g. `(log(d))^2)` may be attainable by showing that very sparse, structured random matrices could provide the *JL* guarantee on pairwise distances.

    *Dasgupta, Anirban, Ravi Kumar, and Tamás Sarlós. "A sparse johnson: Lindenstrauss transform." Proceedings of the forty-second ACM symposium on Theory of computing. ACM, 2010. Available: [arXiv/cs/1004:4240](http://arxiv.org/abs/1004.4240)*

* :scroll: **[Towards a unified theory of sparse dimensionality reduction in Euclidean space](dimensionality_reduction/toward-a-unified-theory-of-sparse-dimensionality-reduction-in-euclidean-space.pdf)**

    This paper attempts to layout the generic mathematical framework (in terms of convex analysis and functional analysis) for sparse dimensionality reduction. The first author is a Fields Medalist who is interested in taking techniques for Banach Spaces and applying them to this problem. This paper is a very technical paper that attempts to answer the question, "when does a sparse embedding exist deterministically?" (e.g. doesn't require drawing random matrices).

    *Bourgain, Jean, and Jelani Nelson. "Toward a unified theory of sparse dimensionality reduction in euclidean space." arXiv preprint arXiv:1311.2542; Accepted in an AMS Journal but unpublished at the moment  (2013). Available: http://arxiv.org/abs/1311.2542*

* :scroll: **[Truncation of Wavelet Matrices: Edge Effects and the Reduction of Topological Control](https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/0024379594000395?token=EB0AA78D59A9648480596F018EFB72E0A02FD5FA70326B24B9D501E1A6869FE72CC4D97FA9ACC8BAB56060D6C908EC83)** by Freedman
  
  In this paper by Michael Hartley Freedman, he applies Robion Kirby “torus trick”, via wavelets, to the problem of compression.

* :scroll: **[Understanding Deep Convolutional Networks](https://github.com/papers-we-love/papers-we-love/blob/master/machine_learning/Understanding-Deep-Convolutional-Networks.pdf)** by Mallat

  Stéphane Mallat proposes a model by which renormalisation can identify self-similar structures in deep networks.  [This video of Curt MacMullen discussing renormalization](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_qjPFF5Gv1I) can help with more context. 
  
* :scroll: **[General self-similarity: an overview](https://github.com/papers-we-love/papers-we-love/blob/master/machine_learning/General-self-similarity--an-overview.pdf)** by Leinster

Dr Leinster's paper provides a concise, straightforward, picture of self-similarity, and its role in renormalization.