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# g.bash
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A Bash framework.
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A Bash framework.
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## Documentation (WIP)
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### Global Helpers
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- `g::eval [...command]` - Execute a command, but w/ in-framework logging
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- `g::silence [...command]` - Execute a command, squashing all output
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- `g::now` - Get a timestamp in ISO8061
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- `g::bc [...args]` - Execute a `bc` math statement
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- `g::awk [...inputs]` - Execute an `awk` print command
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### Utilties (`g::util`)
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- `isNumeric [value]` - Checks if a given value is a number with optional decimal and positive/negative
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- `true` - A successful exit code/return value (`0`)
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- `false` - A failure exit code/return value (`1`)
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- `returnToEcho [...command]` - Execute a command that returns `true`/`false` and instead echo `1` on success, `0` otherwise
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- `uuid` - Generate a UUID
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- `uuid::underscore` - Generate a UUID (underscore-separated)
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- `escape [value]` - Bash-escape a value for safe use in `eval` strings
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- `realpath [path]` - A non-GNU real path resolver
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- `trace [?message] [?skip = frames to exclude]` - Generate a stack trace with an optional message
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### Strings (`g::str`)
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- `quote [str]` - Surround a string in quotes
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- `eval [...args]` - Execute a command and quote the output
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- `length [str]` - Get the number of chars in a string
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- `padLeft [str] [length] [pad character=' ']` - Left-pad a string to the given length
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- `padRight [str] [length] [pad character=' ']` - Right-pad a string to the given length
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- `padCenter [str] [length] [pad character=' ']` - Center-pad a string to the given length
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- `substring [str] [startAt] [length]` - Get a substring
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- `offset [str] [startAt]` - Drop the first `n` characters of a string
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- `reverse [str]` - Reverse a string
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- `startsWith [haystack] [needle]` - Check if the haystack starts with the needle
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- `endsWith [haystack] [needle]` - Check if the haystack ends with the needle
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- `trim [str]` - Trim the whitespace from either end of the string
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- `indexOf [str] [substring]` - Print the character index where the `substring` appears, if any (returns `g::util::false` if no match)
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- `replace [str] [find] [replace]` - Find-and-replace all occurrences in a string
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- `replace::once [str] [find] [replace]` - Find-and-replace the first occurrence in a string
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### Arrays (`g::arr`)
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> Note: When passing an array as an argument to a function, it should be passed as `"${array[@]}"`
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- `includes [value] [array]` - Checks if a given value exists in the array
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- `assoc::hasKey [key] [array]` - Checks if an associative array has a given key
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- `join [delimiter] [array]` - Implodes a list of values to a string using the given delimiter
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### Math (`g::math`)
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- Constants (`g::math::c`)
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- `e` - Euler's constant
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- `ln2` - Natural log of 2
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- `ln10` - Natural log of 10
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- `pi` - Pi
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- `sqrt05` - Square root of 1/2
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- `sqrt2` - Square root of 2
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- `abs [num]` - Absolute value of a number
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- `cubeRoot [num]` - Cube root of a number
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- `squareRoot [num]` - Square root of a number
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- `lessThan [left] [right]` - Check if `left < right`
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- `greaterThan [left] [right]` - Check if `left > right`
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- `equalTo [left] [right]` - Check if `left == right`, numerically
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- `isPositive [num]` - Check if `num > 0`
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- `isNegative [num]` - Check if `num < 0`
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- `signOf [num]` - Prints the leading sign of a number (either `+` or `-`)
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- `mod [num] [modulus]` - Compute the modulus of a number
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- `ceiling [num]` - Round the number up to the nearest int
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- `truncate [num]` - Truncate the number to an int
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- `floor [num]` - Round the number down to the nearest int
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- `exponent [num] [power]` - Compute `num^power`
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- `cos [num]` - Cosine of a number
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- `sine [num]` - Sine of a number
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- `tan [num]` - Tangent of a number
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- `ln [num]` - Natural log of a number
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- `log10 [num]` - Log base 10 of a number
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- `log2 [num]` - Log base 2 of a number
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- `log [num] [base]` - Arbitrary base logarithm
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- `random` - Get a random float
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- `max [...nums]` - Get the max value of some numbers
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- `min [...nums]` - Get the min value of some numbers
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- `round [num] [precision]` - Round a number to the specified number of decimal points
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### Files (`g::file`)
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- `appendString [path] [string]` - Append the string contents to the end of a file
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- `exists [path]` - Checks if a file exists
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- `directoryExists [path]` - Checks if a directory exists
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- `touch [path]` - Create a file if it does not exist
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- `truncate [path]` - If a file exists, empty its contents
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### Source Code (`g::source`)
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`g::source` allows you to organize your scripts into multiple files, and perform filesystem-relative source imports. Similarly, it will prevent the same source file from being re-imported multiple times.
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Example:
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```shell
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# index.bash
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g::source src/setup
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g::source src/logging
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# src/setup.bash
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g::source logging
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# src/logging.bash
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# This file is included once
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```
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- `g::source [path] [?up=1]` - Load a source file relative to the current script (must end in `.bash` and will only be loaded once)
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- `resolve [path] [?up=1]` - Resolve the path of a source file relative to the current script
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- `exists [path] [?up=1]` - Check if a source file exists relative to the current script
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- `force [path] [?up=1]` - Resolve and load a source file, bypassing the cache
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- `has [path] [?up=1]` - Check if the given source file has been loaded
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### Configuration File (`g::config`)
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Provides a simple key-value way of storing persistent configuration.
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Example:
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```shell
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echo "Last run: $(g::config::get last-run Never)"
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g::config::set 'last-run' "$(g::now)"
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```
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- `setDefault [name]` - Set the default name of the config file
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- `getDefault` - Get the default name of the config file
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- `init [?name]` - Make sure a config file exists
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- `get [name] [?default value]` - Get a value from the default config file
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- `get::forFile [file] [name] [?default value]` - Get a value from a non-default config file
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- `set [name] [value]` - Store a value in the default config file
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- `set::forFile [file] [name] [value]` - Store a value in a non-default config file
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### Paths (`g::path`)
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- `concat [path] [...parts]` - Combine path segments into a path, accounting for leading and trailing slashes
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- `resolve [...parts]` - Concat path parts and determine the real path
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- `resolveFrom [base dir] [...parts]` - Concat path parts and determine the real path relative to some base directory
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- `cd [...parts]` - Resolve path parts and change directories
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- `tmp` - Get a temp file path (and mark it for cleanup)
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- `tmpdir` - Get a temp dir path (and mark it for cleanup)
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### Errors (`g::error`)
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- `throw [message]` - Throw an error
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- (global) `try`
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- (global) `catch`
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### Logging (`g::log`)
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`g::log` provides level- and target-aware logging output. The `internal` level is used by `g.bash` itself.
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Available levels: `error` | `warn` | `info` | `debug` | `verbose` | `internal`
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- `enableTarget [name]` - Enable log outputs for the given target
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- `enableAllTargets` - Enable log outputs for ALL targets
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- `all` - Shorthand to enable the highest verbosity for ALL targets
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- `getLevel` - Get the current logging level
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- `setLevel [name]` - Set a new logging level
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- `enable [target=stdout|stderr|file] [?param]` - Enable logging to the specified target
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- `disable [target=stdout|stderr|file]` - Disable logging to the specified target
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- `g::error [output] [?target]` - Write a log message at the `error` level, optionally for a specific target
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- Same format for `g::warn`, `g::info`, `g::debug`, `g::verbose`, and `g::internal`
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- `g::log::rotate` - Archive the log file to a timestamped version and start a new one
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### Locks (`g::lock`)
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- `try [name]` - Try to acquire a lock, returning `g::util::true` if successful
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- `acquire [name]` - Acquire a lock, sleeping until it is available
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- `holds [name]` - Check if we currently hold the given lock
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- `release [name]` - Release the given lock if held
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- `singleton` - Throw an error if this script is being executed concurrently
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- `singleton::acquire` - Wait for other instances of this script to finish
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### App Framework (`g::app`)
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`g::app` is a way of defining multi-directive CLI applications with argument/option parsing.
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Each application is broken up into "commands," and each command can have multiple arguments/flags.
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Your source code can provide multiple applications (switching between them using `g::app`) with app-scoped storage.
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- `g::app [?name=app] [?description]` - Create a new top-level application
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- `get [name] [?default value]` - Get the value of an app-scoped variable
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- `set [name] [value]` - Set the value of an app-scoped variable
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- `has [name]` - Check if the app-scope has a variable with the given name
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- `usage` - Print usage information for the current application
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- `invoke [command] [...args]` - Invoke a command in the current application
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#### Defining Commands (`g::app::command`)
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A command is an invokable sub-command function for an application, which can have multiple flags and positional arguments associated with it.
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When a command is executed, its arguments are parsed and a function `app::<app name>::<command name>` is called. Basic example:
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```shell
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g::app myapp "An example application"
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g::app::command greet "Greeting command"
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g::app::command::arg name "Name of the person to greet" "World"
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g::app::command::flag greeting= "Override the greeting"
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function app::myapp::greet() {
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local args="$1"
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name="$(g::arg "$args" name)"
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greeting="$(g::flag "$args" greeting)"
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if [ -z "$greeting" ]; then
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greeting="Hello,"
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fi
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echo "$greeting $name"
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}
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```
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- `g::app::command [name] [?description]` - Start defining a new command in the current app
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- `exists [name]` - Check if a given command exists in the current app
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- `description [name]` - Get the description for a command in the current app
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- `arg [name] [?description] [?default value]` - Add a positional argument to the current command
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- `flag [name] [?description]` - Add a position-less flag option. If `name` trails with a `=`, then a value is expected
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- `rest [name] [?description]` - Register a rest-argument (`[...args]`) for the current command
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#### Accessing Arguments
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When arguments for a command are parsed, they are stored in an "argument set." The argument set is a series of data structures containing the parsed/validated flags & positional arguments.
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The argument set ID is passed to the command handler as the only parameter (`$1`) and can be used to look up the values of flags and arguments.
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- `g::args [uuid]` - Get the raw arguments from a parsed set (akin to `$@`)
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- `g::arg [uuid] [name]` - Get the value of a positional argument
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- `g::arg::has [uuid] [name]` - Checks if a positional argument was provided
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- `g::arg::rest [uuid]` - Get all the unmatched CLI arguments/flags
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- `g::flag [uuid] [name]` - Get the value of a position-less flag
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- `g::flag::has [uuid] [name]` - Checks if a position-less flag was specified
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