Fixed broken links (#641)

I went through #638 and fixed the broken links in there.

There was one I couldn't find, and it wasn't in the wayback machine
so I deleted it.

android/README.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 ## Security
 
-* Referenced by [Two Secure Coding Tools for Analyzing Android Apps](http://blog.sei.cmu.edu/post.cfm/secure-coding-tools-analyzing-android-apps-118) :
+* Referenced by [Two Secure Coding Tools for Analyzing Android Apps](http://insights.sei.cmu.edu/blog/two-secure-coding-tools-analyzing-android-apps) :
     * [Analyzing Inter-Application Communication in Android](https://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/~daw/papers/intents-mobisys11.pdf)
     * [Effective Inter-Component Communication Mapping in Android with Epicc: An Essential Step Towards Holistic Security Analysis](http://docteau.github.io/pubs/octeau-sec13.pdf)
     * [FlowDroid: Precise Context, Flow, Field, Object-sensitive and Lifecycle-aware Taint Analysis for Android Apps](http://www.bodden.de/pubs/far+14flowdroid.pdf)

combinatory_logic/README.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
    by Marshall Hall Jr. and Donald E. Knuth (1965)
 
 [Flattening Combinators: Surviving Without Parentheses]:
-    https://web.archive.org/web/20170828181221/http://www.westpoint.edu:80/eecs/SiteAssets/SitePages/Faculty%20Publication%20Documents/Okasaki/jfp03flat.pdf
+    https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/3E99993FE5464986AD94D292FF5EA275/S0956796802004483a.pdf/theoretical-pearls-flattening-combinators-surviving-without-parentheses.pdf
 [DOI]:
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0956796802004483
 [Combinatorial Analysis and Computers]:

comp_sci_fundamentals_and_history/README.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 * "Turing, On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem" by Alan Turing
   * As a PDF: [Turing, On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~robins/Turing_Paper_1936.pdf)
-  * As a collection of single images: [Turing, On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem](http://www.turingarchive.org/browse.php/B/12) by Alan Turing
+  * As a collection of single images: [Turing, On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem](http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~robins/Turing_Paper_1936.pdf) by Alan Turing
 * [Mealy, A Method for Synthesizing Sequential Circuits](http://www3.alcatel-lucent.com/bstj/vol34-1955/articles/bstj34-5-1045.pdf) by George H. Mealy
 * :scroll: [Back to the Future - The Story of Squeak, A Practical Smalltalk Written in Itself](story-of-squeak-a-practical-smalltalk-written-in-itself.pdf) by Dan Ingalls, Ted Kaehler, John Maloney, Scott Wallace & Alan Kay
 * :scroll: [Recursive Functions of Symbolic Expressions and Their Computation by Machine, Part I](recursive-functions-of-symbolic-expressions-and-their-computation-by-machine-parti.pdf) by John McCarthy

computer_vision/README.md

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 # Computer Vision
 
-* [Coupled 3D Reconstruction of Sparse Facial Hair and Skin](http://www.disneyresearch.com/project/coupled-3d-reconstruction-of-sparse-facial-hair-and-skin/)
+* [Coupled 3D Reconstruction of Sparse Facial Hair and Skin](http://studios.disneyresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Coupled-3D-Reconstruction-of-Sparse-Facial-Hair-and-Skin.pdf)
-
+* [High-Quality Single-Shot Capture of Facial Geometry](http://studios.disneyresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/High-Quality-Single-Shot-Capture-of-Facial-Geometry/)
-* [High-Quality Single-Shot Capture of Facial Geometry](http://www.disneyresearch.com/project/high-quality-single-shot-capture-of-facial-geometry/)
 
 * [Panorama Weaving:
 Fast and Flexible Seam Processing](http://www.sci.utah.edu/~bsumma/projects/weaving/)

datastores/README.md

@@ -22,15 +22,15 @@
 
 * [F1: A Distributed SQL Database That Scales](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en/us/pubs/archive/41344.pdf)
 
-* [HaLoop: Efficient Iterative Data Processing on Large Clusters](http://www.ics.uci.edu/~yingyib/papers/HaLoop_camera_ready.pdf)
+* [HaLoop: Efficient Iterative Data Processing on Large Clusters](http://homes.cs.washington.edu/~billhowe/pubs/HaLoop.pdf)
 
 * [HyperDex: A Distributed, Searchable Key-Value Store](https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/~bernard/hyperdex.pdf)
 
-* [Introduction to a System for Distributed Databases SDD-1](http://www.few.vu.nl/~kgr700/sdd1.pdf)
+* [Introduction to a System for Distributed Databases SDD-1](http://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wong/wong_pubs/wong73.pdf)
 
 * [Making Reliable Distributed Systems in the Presence of Software Errors](http://www.erlang.org/download/armstrong_thesis_2003.pdf)
 
-* [Managing Update Conflicts in Bayou, a Weakly Connected Replicated Storage System](http://zoo.cs.yale.edu/classes/cs422/2013/bib/terry95managing.pdf)
+* [Managing Update Conflicts in Bayou, a Weakly Connected Replicated Storage System](http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~lorenzo/corsi/cs380d/papers/p172-terry.pdf)
 
 * [Map-Reduce-Merge: Simplified Relational Data Processing on Large Clusters](http://www.cs.duke.edu/courses/cps399.28/current/papers/sigmod07-YangDasdanEtAl-map_reduce_merge.pdf)
 

design/README.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # Design
-* [No Silver Bullet — Essence and Accidents of Software Engineering](http://faculty.salisbury.edu/~xswang/Research/Papers/SERelated/no-silver-bullet.pdf)
+* [No Silver Bullet — Essence and Accidents of Software Engineering](http://www.cs.unc.edu/techreports/86-020.pdf)
 * [Traits: A Mechanism for Fine-Grained Reuse](http://scg.unibe.ch/archive/papers/Duca06bTOPLASTraits.pdf)
 * [THING-MODEL-VIEW-EDITOR an Example from a planningsystem](http://heim.ifi.uio.no/~trygver/1979/mvc-1/1979-05-MVC.pdf)
 

distributed_systems/README.md

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 
 * [Paxos Made Live - An Engineering Perspective](http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/lorenzo/corsi/cs380d/papers/paper2-1.pdf)
 
-* [Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance and Proactive Recovery](http://www.itu.dk/stud/speciale/bepjea/xwebtex/litt/practical-byzantine-fault-tolerance-and-proactive-recovery.pdf)
+* [Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance and Proactive Recovery](http://www.microsoft.com/research/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/p398-castro-bft-tocs.pdf)
 
 * [Pregel: A System for Large-Scale Graph Processing](http://kowshik.github.io/JPregel/pregel_paper.pdf)
 
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
 
 * [There Is More Consensus in Egalitarian Parliaments](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dga/papers/epaxos-sosp2013.pdf)
 
-* [Transactional Client-Server Cache Consistency: Alternatives and Performance](http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~franklin/Papers/p315-franklin.pdf)
+* [Transactional Client-Server Cache Consistency: Alternatives and Performance](http://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/handle/1903/751/CS-TR-3511.pdf)
 
 * [Unicorn: A System for Searching the Social Graph](http://db.disi.unitn.eu/pages/VLDBProgram/pdf/industry/p871-curtiss.pdf)
 
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ Unconditional Sender and Recipient Untraceability](the-dining-cryptographers-pro
 
 * :scroll: [Viewing Control Structures as Patterns of Passing Messages](viewing-control-structures-as-patterns-of-passing-messages.pdf)
 
-* :scroll: [Warp: Multi-Key Transactions for Key-Value Stores](warp-multi-key-transactions-for-key-value-stores.pdf)
+* :scroll: [Warp: Multi-Key Transactions for Key-Value Stores](../datastores/warp-multi-key-transactions-for-key-value-stores.pdf)
 
 * :scroll: [Zab: High-performance broadcast for primary-backup systems](zab-high-performance-broadcast-for-primary-backup-systems.pdf)
 
@@ -211,15 +211,15 @@ Full Cluster Geo-replication](tiered-replication-a-cost-effective-alternative-to
 
 * [F1: A Distributed SQL Database That Scales](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en/us/pubs/archive/41344.pdf)
 
-* [HaLoop: Efficient Iterative Data Processing on Large Clusters](http://www.ics.uci.edu/~yingyib/papers/HaLoop_camera_ready.pdf)
+* [HaLoop: Efficient Iterative Data Processing on Large Clusters](http://homes.cs.washington.edu/~billhowe/pubs/HaLoop.pdf)
 
 * [HyperDex: A Distributed, Searchable Key-Value Store](https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/~bernard/hyperdex.pdf)
 
-* [Introduction to a System for Distributed Databases SDD-1](http://www.few.vu.nl/~kgr700/sdd1.pdf)
+* [Introduction to a System for Distributed Databases SDD-1](http://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wong/wong_pubs/wong73.pdf)
 
 * [Making Reliable Distributed Systems in the Presence of Software Errors](http://www.erlang.org/download/armstrong_thesis_2003.pdf)
 
-* [Managing Update Conflicts in Bayou, a Weakly Connected Replicated Storage System](http://zoo.cs.yale.edu/classes/cs422/2013/bib/terry95managing.pdf)
+* [Managing Update Conflicts in Bayou, a Weakly Connected Replicated Storage System](http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~lorenzo/corsi/cs380d/papers/p172-terry.pdf)
 
 * [Map-Reduce-Merge: Simplified Relational Data Processing on Large Clusters](http://www.cs.duke.edu/courses/cps399.28/current/papers/sigmod07-YangDasdanEtAl-map_reduce_merge.pdf)
 

garbage_collection/README.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * [Incremental Garbage Collection: The Train Algorithm](http://www.ssw.uni-linz.ac.at/General/Staff/TW/Wuerthinger05Train.pdf)
 * [On-the-Fly Garbage Collection: An Exercise in Cooperation](https://lamport.azurewebsites.net/pubs/garbage.pdf)
 * [:scroll:](the_lisp_ii_garbage_collector.pdf) [The Lisp II Garbage Collector](ftp://publications.ai.mit.edu/ai-publications/pdf/AIM-019.pdf)
-* [The Treadmill: Real-Time Garbage Collection Without Motion Sickness](http://home.pipeline.com/~hbaker1/NoMotionGC.html)
+* [The Treadmill: Real-Time Garbage Collection Without Motion Sickness](http://plover.com/~mjd/misc/hbaker-archive/NoMotionGC.html)
 * [Parallel Generational-Copying Garbage Collection with a Block-Structured
-  Heap](http://community.haskell.org/~simonmar/papers/parallel-gc.pdf)
+  Heap](http://simonmar.github.io/bib/papers/parallel-gc.pdf)
 

gossip/README.md

@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ If you only read one of these papers, start with the classic Demers, et al paper
 Briefly, a peer sampling service is a system that maintains a restricted set (partial view) of the all machines participating in a gossip system.
 * [The Peer Sampling Service: Experimental Evaluation of Unstructured Gossip-Based Implementations](http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/83409/files/neg--1184036295all.pdf)
 * [HyParView: a membership protocol for reliable gossip-based broadcast](http://asc.di.fct.unl.pt/~jleitao/pdf/dsn07-leitao.pdf)
-* [SWIM: Scalable Weakly-consistent Infection-style Process Group Membership Protocol](http://www.cs.cornell.edu/info/projects/spinglass/public_pdfs/swim.pdf)
+* [SWIM: Scalable Weakly-consistent Infection-style Process Group Membership Protocol](http://research.cs.cornell.edu/projects/Quicksilver/public_pdfs/SWIM.pdf)
 
 # Epidemic broadcast 
-* [Large-Scale Newscast Computing on the Internet ](http://www.soc.napier.ac.uk/~benp/dream/dreampaper17.pdf)
+* [Large-Scale Newscast Computing on the Internet ](http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Maarten-Van-Steen/publication/2479853_Large-Scale_Newscast_Computing_on_the_Internet/links/579132c708ae0831552f97f4/Large-Scale-Newscast-Computing-on-the-Internet.pdf)
 * [Bimodal Multicast](http://www.csl.mtu.edu/cs6461/www/Reading/Birman99.pdf)
 * [Efficient Reconciliation and Flow Control for Anti-Entropy Protocols](http://www.cs.cornell.edu/home/rvr/papers/flowgossip.pdf)
 * [Epidemic Broadcast Trees](http://www.gsd.inesc-id.pt/~ler/reports/srds07.pdf)

logic_and_programming/README.md

@@ -3,4 +3,4 @@
 * :scroll: [Representing Game Dialogue as Expresions in First-Order Logic](representing-game-dialogue-as-expressions-in-first-order-logic.pdf)
 * :scroll: [The Event Calculus as a Linear Logic Program](event-calculus.txt)
 * [Purely Functional Lazy Non-deterministic Programming](http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.148.524)
-* [:scroll:](on-the-meanings-of-the-logical-constants.pdf) [On the Meanings of the Logical Constants and the Justifications of the Logical Laws](http://www.pps.univ-paris-diderot.fr/~saurin/Enseignement/LMFI/articles/Martin-Lof83.pdf)
+* [:scroll:](on-the-meanings-of-the-logical-constants.pdf) [On the Meanings of the Logical Constants and the Justifications of the Logical Laws](http://uberty.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Martin-Lof83.pdf)

machine_learning/README.md

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 
   This paper introduces an explanation technique for any classifier in a interpretable manner. 
 
-* [Multiple Narrative Disentanglement: Unraveling *Infinite Jest*](http://dreammachin.es/p1-wallace.pdf)
+* [Multiple Narrative Disentanglement: Unraveling *Infinite Jest*](http://aclanthology.org/N12-1001.pdf)
 
   Uses an unsupervised approach to natural language processing that classifies narrators in David Foster Wallace's 1,000-page novel.
 

privacy/README.md

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 ## Privacy
 
-* [k-ANONYMITY: A model for Protecting Privacy (1998)](https://dataprivacylab.org/dataprivacy/projects/kanonymity/kanonymity.pdf)
+* [k-ANONYMITY: A model for Protecting Privacy (1998)](https://epic.org/wp-content/uploads/privacy/reidentification/Sweeney_Article.pdf)
 * [Differential Privacy(2006)](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/dwork.pdf)
 * [Robust De-anonymization of Large Sparse Datasets(2008)](https://www.cs.utexas.edu/~shmat/shmat_oak08netflix.pdf)
 * [Broken Promises of Privacy: Responding to the Surprising Failure of Anonymization(2010)](https://www.uclalawreview.org/broken-promises-of-privacy-responding-to-the-surprising-failure-of-anonymization-2/)
-* [Timing Attacks on Web Privacy(2000)](https://sip.cs.princeton.edu/pub/webtiming.pdf)
+* [Timing Attacks on Web Privacy(2000)](https://www.cs.jhu.edu/~fabian/courses/CS600.424/course_papers/webtiming.pdf)
 * [Protecting Browser State from Web Privacy Attacks(2006)](https://crypto.stanford.edu/sameorigin/sameorigin.pdf)
 * [KHyperLogLog: Estimating Reidentifiability and
 Joinability of Large Data at Scale(2019)](https://storage.googleapis.com/pub-tools-public-publication-data/pdf/40bc2804cbd3e41ed28dc8991316361eca48630c.pdf)

unikernels/README.md

@@ -7,18 +7,18 @@
 * [A persistent system in real use-experiences of the first 13 years](https://os.itec.kit.edu/downloads/publ_1993_liedtke_persistent-system-in-real-use.pdf)
 * [SPIN: An extensible microkernel for application-specific operating system services](https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a293537.pdf)
 * [Extensibility safety and performance in the SPIN operating system](http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.117.6702&rep=rep1&type=pdf)
-* [Policy/mechanism separation in Hydra](https://www.systems.ethz.ch/sites/default/files/file/aos2012/Reading/week9/Policy%20mechanism%20separation%20in%20Hydra.pdf)
+* [Policy/mechanism separation in Hydra](https://www.cse.psu.edu/~trj1/cse543-f12/docs/p132-levin-hydra.pdf)
 * [Improving IPC by kernel design](http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.55.9939&rep=rep1&type=pdf)
 
 ## Second-wave: cloud optimization (exokernels, multikernels)
 
 * [Exokernel: An operating system architecture for application-level resource management](http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~remzi/Classes/736/Spring2014/Papers/exo-sosp95.pdf)
 * [Exterminate all operating system abstractions](http://studies.ac.upc.es/doctorat/ENGRAP/hotos-jeremiad.pdf)
-* [The Clive Operating System](http://lsub.org/export/clivesys.pdf)
+* [The Clive Operating System](http://github.com/fjballest/docs/blob/master/clivesys.pdf)
 * [The Multikernel: A new OS architecture for scalable multicore systems](http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~sbansal/csl862-os/readings/barrelfish.pdf)
 * [IX: A Protected Dataplane Operating System for High Throughput and Low Latency](https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/osdi14/osdi14-paper-belay.pdf)
 * [The IX Operating System: Combining Low Latency, High Throughput, and Efficiency in a Protected Dataplane](https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/223617/files/tocs16-ix.pdf)
-* [Contiki - a lightweight and flexible operating system for tiny networked sensors](http://perso.citi.insa-lyon.fr/trisset/cours/rts12/articles/DGV04-contiki.pdf)
+* [Contiki - a lightweight and flexible operating system for tiny networked sensors](http://dunkels.com/adam/dunkels04contiki.pdf)
 * [Arrakis: The Operating System Is the Control Plane](https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2812806)
 * [Embracing diversity in the Barrelfish manycore operating system](http://www.barrelfish.org/publications/barrelfish_mmcs08.pdf)
 * [Decoupling Cores, Kernels, and Operating Systems](https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/osdi14/osdi14-paper-zellweger.pdf)
@@ -33,12 +33,12 @@
 * [Breaking up is hard to do: security and functionality in a commodity hypervisor](https://open.library.ubc.ca/media/download/pdf/24/1.0052016/1)
 * [A case for high performance computing with virtual machines](http://mvapich.cse.ohio-state.edu/static/media/publications/abstract/huangwei-ics06.pdf)
 * [Comparing the robustness of POSIX operating systems](https://users.ece.cmu.edu/~koopman/ballista/ftcs99/ftcs99.pdf)
-* [Exploring the Design Space of Combining Linux with Lightweight Kernels for Extreme Scale Computing](http://www.sys.r-ccs.riken.jp/members_files/bgerofi/papers/ross15-linux+lwk.pdf)
+* [Exploring the Design Space of Combining Linux with Lightweight Kernels for Extreme Scale Computing](http://www.mcs.anl.gov/events/workshops/ross/2015/slides/ross2015-gerofi.pdf)
 * [Using kernel hypervisors to secure applications](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/646188)
 
 ### Specific libOS implementations
 
-* [IncludeOS: A minimal, resource efficient unikernel for cloud services](http://folk.uio.no/paalee/publications/2015-cloudcom.pdf)
+* [IncludeOS: A minimal, resource efficient unikernel for cloud services](http://oda.oslomet.no/oda-xmlui/bitstream/handle/10642/3189/1321835.pdf)
 * [OSv—optimizing the operating system for virtual machines](https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/atc14/atc14-paper-kivity.pdf)
 * [ClickOS and the art of network function virtualization](https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/nsdi14/nsdi14-paper-martins.pdf)
 * [Enabling fast, dynamic network processing with clickos](http://conferences.sigcomm.org/sigcomm/2013/papers/hotsdn/p67.pdf)
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
 
 * [The impact of operating system structure on memory system performance](http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.52.4651&rep=rep1&type=pdf)
 * [Hypervisors vs. Lightweight Virtualization: A Performance Comparison](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Roberto_Morabito/publication/273756984_Hypervisors_vs_Lightweight_Virtualization_A_Performance_Comparison/links/550a83660cf26198a63afb10.pdf)
-* [A performance evaluation of rump kernels as a multi-server os building block on sel4](http://echronos.systems/publications/csiro_full_text/Elphinstone_ZMH_17.pdf)
+* [A performance evaluation of rump kernels as a multi-server os building block on sel4](http://trustworthy.systems/publications/csiro_full_text/Elphinstone_ZMH_17.pdf)
 * [An updated performance comparison of virtual machines and linux containers](http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.471.9242&rep=rep1&type=pdf)
 * [My VM is Lighter (and Safer) than your Container](https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3132763)
 * [Security of OS-level virtualization technologies: Technical report](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1407.4245v1.pdf)
@@ -72,7 +72,6 @@
 * [uniprof: A Unikernel Stack Profiler](https://flosch.eu/papers/2017-sigcomm-uniprof.pdf)
 * [On the Fly TCP Acceleration with Miniproxy](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1605.06285.pdf)
 * [Unikernel monitors: extending minimalism outside of the box](https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/hotcloud16/hotcloud16_williams.pdf)
-* [Unikernels As Processes](https://sjmulder.nl/dl/pdf/2018%20-%20Williams%20et%20al%20-%20Unikernels%20as%20Processes.pdf)
+* [Unikernels As Processes](https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3267809.3267845)
 * [On the Fly Orchestration of Unikernels: Tuning and Performance Evaluation of Virtual Infrastructure Managers](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1809.07701.pdf)
 * [Live updating in Unikernels](https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/59240/45/live-updating-unikernels.pdf)
-* [Android Unikernel: Gearing mobile code offloading towards edge computing](http://grid.hust.edu.cn/wusong/file/FGCS18.pdf)