Carlos
9 years ago
parent
5aaabf189d
commit
e9d0d6c388
@ -1 +0,0 @@
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../19-interrupts-irqs/Makefile
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@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
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C_SOURCES = $(wildcard kernel/*.c drivers/*.c cpu/*.c libc/*.c)
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HEADERS = $(wildcard kernel/*.h drivers/*.h cpu/*.h libc/*.h)
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# Nice syntax for file extension replacement
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OBJ = ${C_SOURCES:.c=.o cpu/interrupt.o}
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# Change this if your cross-compiler is somewhere else
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CC = /usr/local/i386elfgcc/bin/i386-elf-gcc
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GDB = /usr/local/i386elfgcc/bin/i386-elf-gdb
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# -g: Use debugging symbols in gcc
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CFLAGS = -g
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# First rule is run by default
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os-image.bin: boot/bootsect.bin kernel.bin
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cat $^ > os-image.bin
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# '--oformat binary' deletes all symbols as a collateral, so we don't need
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# to 'strip' them manually on this case
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kernel.bin: boot/kernel_entry.o ${OBJ}
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i386-elf-ld -o $@ -Ttext 0x1000 $^ --oformat binary
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# Used for debugging purposes
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kernel.elf: boot/kernel_entry.o ${OBJ}
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i386-elf-ld -o $@ -Ttext 0x1000 $^
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run: os-image.bin
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qemu-system-i386 -fda os-image.bin
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# Open the connection to qemu and load our kernel-object file with symbols
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debug: os-image.bin kernel.elf
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qemu-system-i386 -s -fda os-image.bin -d guest_errors,int &
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${GDB} -ex "target remote localhost:1234" -ex "symbol-file kernel.elf"
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# Generic rules for wildcards
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# To make an object, always compile from its .c
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%.o: %.c ${HEADERS}
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${CC} ${CFLAGS} -ffreestanding -c $< -o $@
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%.o: %.asm
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nasm $< -f elf -o $@
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%.bin: %.asm
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nasm $< -f bin -o $@
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clean:
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rm -rf *.bin *.dis *.o os-image.bin *.elf
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rm -rf kernel/*.o boot/*.bin drivers/*.o boot/*.o cpu/*.o
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@ -0,0 +1 @@
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../20-interrupts-timer/Makefile
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@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
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**Goal: Clean the code a bit and parse user input**
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In this lesson we will do tho things. First, we will clean up the code a bit, so it is ready
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for further lessons. During the previous ones I tried to put things in the most predictable places,
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but it is also a good exercise to know when the code base is growing and adapt it to current
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and further needs.
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Code cleaning
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-------------
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First of all, we will quickly start to need more utility functions
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for handling strings and so on. In a regular OS, this is called the C library,
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or libc for short.
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Right now we have a `utils.c` which we will split into `mem.c` and `string.c`, with their respective headers.
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Second, we will create a new function `irq_install()` so that the kernel
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only needs to perform one call to initialize all the IRQs. That function
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is akin to `isr_install()` and placed on the same `irq.c`.
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While we're here, we will disable the `kprint()` on `timer_callback()`
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to avoid filling the screen with junk, now that we know that it works
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properly.
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There is not a clear distinction between `cpu/` and `drivers/`.
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Keep in mind that I'm
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creating this tutorial while following many others, and each of them
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has a distinct folder structure. The only change we will do for now is to
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move `drivers/ports.*` into `cpu/` since it is clearly cpu-dependent code.
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`boot/` is also CPU-dependent code, but we will not mess with it until
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we implement the boot sequence for a different machine.
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Keyboard characters
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-------------------
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How to access the typed characters, then?
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- When a key is pressed, the callback gets the ASCII code via a new
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arrays which are defined at the beginning of `keyboard.c`
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- The callback then appends that character to a buffer, `key_buffer`
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- It is also printed on the screen
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- When the OS wants to read user input, it calls `libc/io.c:readline()`
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`keyboard.c` also parses backspace, by removing the last element
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of the key buffer, and deleting it from the screen, by calling
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`screen.c:kprint_backspace()`. For this we needed to modify a bit
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`print_char()` to not advance the offset when printing a backspace
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Responding to user input
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------------------------
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The keyboard callback checks for a newline, and then calls the kernel,
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telling it that the user has input something. Out final libc function
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is `strcmp()`, which compares two strings and returns 0 if they
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are equal. If the user inputs "END", we halt the CPU.
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This is the most basic shell ever, but you should be proud, because
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we implemented it from scratch. Do you realize how cool this is?
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If you want to, expand `kernel.c` to parse more stuff. In the future,
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when we have a filesystem, we will allow the user to run some basic commands.
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@ -0,0 +1 @@
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../20-interrupts-timer/boot
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@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
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#include "idt.h"
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void set_idt_gate(int n, u32 handler) {
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idt[n].low_offset = low_16(handler);
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idt[n].sel = KERNEL_CS;
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idt[n].always0 = 0;
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idt[n].flags = 0x8E;
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idt[n].high_offset = high_16(handler);
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}
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void set_idt() {
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idt_reg.base = (u32) &idt;
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idt_reg.limit = IDT_ENTRIES * sizeof(idt_gate_t) - 1;
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/* Don't make the mistake of loading &idt -- always load &idt_reg */
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__asm__ __volatile__("lidtl (%0)" : : "r" (&idt_reg));
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}
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@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
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#ifndef IDT_H
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#define IDT_H
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#include "types.h"
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/* Segment selectors */
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#define KERNEL_CS 0x08
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/* How every interrupt gate (handler) is defined */
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typedef struct {
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u16 low_offset; /* Lower 16 bits of handler function address */
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u16 sel; /* Kernel segment selector */
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u8 always0;
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/* First byte
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* Bit 7: "Interrupt is present"
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* Bits 6-5: Privilege level of caller (0=kernel..3=user)
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* Bit 4: Set to 0 for interrupt gates
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* Bits 3-0: bits 1110 = decimal 14 = "32 bit interrupt gate" */
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u8 flags;
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u16 high_offset; /* Higher 16 bits of handler function address */
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} __attribute__((packed)) idt_gate_t ;
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/* A pointer to the array of interrupt handlers.
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* Assembly instruction 'lidt' will read it */
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typedef struct {
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u16 limit;
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u32 base;
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} __attribute__((packed)) idt_register_t;
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#define IDT_ENTRIES 256
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idt_gate_t idt[IDT_ENTRIES];
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idt_register_t idt_reg;
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/* Functions implemented in idt.c */
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void set_idt_gate(int n, u32 handler);
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void set_idt();
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#endif
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@ -0,0 +1,425 @@
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; Defined in isr.c
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[extern isr_handler]
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[extern irq_handler]
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; Common ISR code
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isr_common_stub:
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; 1. Save CPU state
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pusha ; Pushes edi,esi,ebp,esp,ebx,edx,ecx,eax
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mov ax, ds ; Lower 16-bits of eax = ds.
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push eax ; save the data segment descriptor
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mov ax, 0x10 ; kernel data segment descriptor
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mov ds, ax
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mov es, ax
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mov fs, ax
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mov gs, ax
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; 2. Call C handler
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call isr_handler
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; 3. Restore state
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pop eax
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mov ds, ax
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mov es, ax
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mov fs, ax
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mov gs, ax
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popa
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add esp, 8 ; Cleans up the pushed error code and pushed ISR number
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sti
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iret ; pops 5 things at once: CS, EIP, EFLAGS, SS, and ESP
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; Common IRQ code. Identical to ISR code except for the 'call'
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; and the 'pop ebx'
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irq_common_stub:
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pusha
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mov ax, ds
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push eax
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mov ax, 0x10
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mov ds, ax
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mov es, ax
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mov fs, ax
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mov gs, ax
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call irq_handler ; Different than the ISR code
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pop ebx ; Different than the ISR code
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mov ds, bx
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mov es, bx
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mov fs, bx
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mov gs, bx
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popa
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add esp, 8
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sti
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iret
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; We don't get information about which interrupt was caller
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; when the handler is run, so we will need to have a different handler
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; for every interrupt.
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; Furthermore, some interrupts push an error code onto the stack but others
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; don't, so we will push a dummy error code for those which don't, so that
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; we have a consistent stack for all of them.
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; First make the ISRs global
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global isr0
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global isr1
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global isr2
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global isr3
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global isr4
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global isr5
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global isr6
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global isr7
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global isr8
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global isr9
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global isr10
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global isr11
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global isr12
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global isr13
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global isr14
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global isr15
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global isr16
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global isr17
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global isr18
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global isr19
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global isr20
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global isr21
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global isr22
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global isr23
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global isr24
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global isr25
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global isr26
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global isr27
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global isr28
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global isr29
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global isr30
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global isr31
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; IRQs
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global irq0
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global irq1
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global irq2
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global irq3
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global irq4
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global irq5
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global irq6
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global irq7
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global irq8
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global irq9
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global irq10
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global irq11
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global irq12
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global irq13
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global irq14
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global irq15
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; 0: Divide By Zero Exception
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isr0:
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cli
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push byte 0
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push byte 0
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jmp isr_common_stub
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; 1: Debug Exception
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isr1:
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cli
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push byte 0
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push byte 1
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jmp isr_common_stub
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; 2: Non Maskable Interrupt Exception
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isr2:
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cli
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push byte 0
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push byte 2
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jmp isr_common_stub
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; 3: Int 3 Exception
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isr3:
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cli
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push byte 0
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push byte 3
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jmp isr_common_stub
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; 4: INTO Exception
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isr4:
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cli
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push byte 0
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push byte 4
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jmp isr_common_stub
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; 5: Out of Bounds Exception
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isr5:
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cli
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push byte 0
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push byte 5
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jmp isr_common_stub
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; 6: Invalid Opcode Exception
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isr6:
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cli
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push byte 0
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push byte 6
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jmp isr_common_stub
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; 7: Coprocessor Not Available Exception
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isr7:
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cli
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push byte 0
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push byte 7
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jmp isr_common_stub
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; 8: Double Fault Exception (With Error Code!)
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isr8:
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cli
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push byte 8
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jmp isr_common_stub
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; 9: Coprocessor Segment Overrun Exception
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isr9:
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cli
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push byte 0
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push byte 9
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jmp isr_common_stub
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; 10: Bad TSS Exception (With Error Code!)
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isr10:
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cli
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push byte 10
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jmp isr_common_stub
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; 11: Segment Not Present Exception (With Error Code!)
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isr11:
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cli
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push byte 11
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jmp isr_common_stub
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; 12: Stack Fault Exception (With Error Code!)
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isr12:
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cli
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push byte 12
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jmp isr_common_stub
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; 13: General Protection Fault Exception (With Error Code!)
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isr13:
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cli
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push byte 13
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jmp isr_common_stub
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; 14: Page Fault Exception (With Error Code!)
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isr14:
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cli
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push byte 14
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jmp isr_common_stub
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; 15: Reserved Exception
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isr15:
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cli
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push byte 0
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push byte 15
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jmp isr_common_stub
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; 16: Floating Point Exception
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isr16:
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cli
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push byte 0
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push byte 16
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jmp isr_common_stub
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; 17: Alignment Check Exception
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isr17:
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cli
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push byte 0
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push byte 17
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jmp isr_common_stub
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; 18: Machine Check Exception
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isr18:
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cli
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push byte 0
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push byte 18
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jmp isr_common_stub
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; 19: Reserved
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isr19:
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cli
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push byte 0
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push byte 19
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jmp isr_common_stub
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; 20: Reserved
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isr20:
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cli
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push byte 0
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push byte 20
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jmp isr_common_stub
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; 21: Reserved
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isr21:
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cli
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push byte 0
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push byte 21
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jmp isr_common_stub
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; 22: Reserved
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isr22:
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cli
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push byte 0
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push byte 22
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jmp isr_common_stub
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; 23: Reserved
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isr23:
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cli
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push byte 0
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push byte 23
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jmp isr_common_stub
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; 24: Reserved
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isr24:
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cli
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push byte 0
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push byte 24
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jmp isr_common_stub
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; 25: Reserved
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isr25:
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cli
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push byte 0
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push byte 25
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jmp isr_common_stub
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; 26: Reserved
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isr26:
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cli
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push byte 0
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push byte 26
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jmp isr_common_stub
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; 27: Reserved
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isr27:
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cli
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push byte 0
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push byte 27
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jmp isr_common_stub
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; 28: Reserved
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isr28:
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cli
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push byte 0
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push byte 28
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jmp isr_common_stub
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; 29: Reserved
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isr29:
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cli
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push byte 0
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push byte 29
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jmp isr_common_stub
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; 30: Reserved
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isr30:
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cli
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push byte 0
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push byte 30
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jmp isr_common_stub
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; 31: Reserved
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isr31:
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cli
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push byte 0
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push byte 31
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jmp isr_common_stub
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; IRQ handlers
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irq0:
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cli
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push byte 0
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push byte 32
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jmp irq_common_stub
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irq1:
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cli
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push byte 1
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push byte 33
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jmp irq_common_stub
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irq2:
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cli
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push byte 2
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push byte 34
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jmp irq_common_stub
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irq3:
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cli
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push byte 3
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push byte 35
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jmp irq_common_stub
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irq4:
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cli
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push byte 4
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push byte 36
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jmp irq_common_stub
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irq5:
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cli
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push byte 5
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push byte 37
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jmp irq_common_stub
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irq6:
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cli
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push byte 6
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push byte 38
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jmp irq_common_stub
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irq7:
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cli
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push byte 7
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push byte 39
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jmp irq_common_stub
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irq8:
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cli
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push byte 8
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push byte 40
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jmp irq_common_stub
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|
||||
irq9:
|
||||
cli
|
||||
push byte 9
|
||||
push byte 41
|
||||
jmp irq_common_stub
|
||||
|
||||
irq10:
|
||||
cli
|
||||
push byte 10
|
||||
push byte 42
|
||||
jmp irq_common_stub
|
||||
|
||||
irq11:
|
||||
cli
|
||||
push byte 11
|
||||
push byte 43
|
||||
jmp irq_common_stub
|
||||
|
||||
irq12:
|
||||
cli
|
||||
push byte 12
|
||||
push byte 44
|
||||
jmp irq_common_stub
|
||||
|
||||
irq13:
|
||||
cli
|
||||
push byte 13
|
||||
push byte 45
|
||||
jmp irq_common_stub
|
||||
|
||||
irq14:
|
||||
cli
|
||||
push byte 14
|
||||
push byte 46
|
||||
jmp irq_common_stub
|
||||
|
||||
irq15:
|
||||
cli
|
||||
push byte 15
|
||||
push byte 47
|
||||
jmp irq_common_stub
|
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
|
||||
#include "isr.h"
|
||||
#include "idt.h"
|
||||
#include "../drivers/screen.h"
|
||||
#include "../libc/string.h"
|
||||
#include "ports.h"
|
||||
|
||||
isr_t interrupt_handlers[256];
|
||||
|
||||
/* Can't do this with a loop because we need the address
|
||||
* of the function names */
|
||||
void isr_install() {
|
||||
set_idt_gate(0, (u32)isr0);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(1, (u32)isr1);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(2, (u32)isr2);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(3, (u32)isr3);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(4, (u32)isr4);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(5, (u32)isr5);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(6, (u32)isr6);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(7, (u32)isr7);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(8, (u32)isr8);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(9, (u32)isr9);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(10, (u32)isr10);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(11, (u32)isr11);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(12, (u32)isr12);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(13, (u32)isr13);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(14, (u32)isr14);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(15, (u32)isr15);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(16, (u32)isr16);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(17, (u32)isr17);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(18, (u32)isr18);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(19, (u32)isr19);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(20, (u32)isr20);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(21, (u32)isr21);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(22, (u32)isr22);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(23, (u32)isr23);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(24, (u32)isr24);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(25, (u32)isr25);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(26, (u32)isr26);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(27, (u32)isr27);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(28, (u32)isr28);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(29, (u32)isr29);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(30, (u32)isr30);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(31, (u32)isr31);
|
||||
|
||||
// Remap the PIC
|
||||
port_byte_out(0x20, 0x11);
|
||||
port_byte_out(0xA0, 0x11);
|
||||
port_byte_out(0x21, 0x20);
|
||||
port_byte_out(0xA1, 0x28);
|
||||
port_byte_out(0x21, 0x04);
|
||||
port_byte_out(0xA1, 0x02);
|
||||
port_byte_out(0x21, 0x01);
|
||||
port_byte_out(0xA1, 0x01);
|
||||
port_byte_out(0x21, 0x0);
|
||||
port_byte_out(0xA1, 0x0);
|
||||
|
||||
// Install the IRQs
|
||||
set_idt_gate(32, (u32)irq0);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(33, (u32)irq1);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(34, (u32)irq2);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(35, (u32)irq3);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(36, (u32)irq4);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(37, (u32)irq5);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(38, (u32)irq6);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(39, (u32)irq7);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(40, (u32)irq8);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(41, (u32)irq9);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(42, (u32)irq10);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(43, (u32)irq11);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(44, (u32)irq12);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(45, (u32)irq13);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(46, (u32)irq14);
|
||||
set_idt_gate(47, (u32)irq15);
|
||||
|
||||
set_idt(); // Load with ASM
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* To print the message which defines every exception */
|
||||
char *exception_messages[] = {
|
||||
"Division By Zero",
|
||||
"Debug",
|
||||
"Non Maskable Interrupt",
|
||||
"Breakpoint",
|
||||
"Into Detected Overflow",
|
||||
"Out of Bounds",
|
||||
"Invalid Opcode",
|
||||
"No Coprocessor",
|
||||
|
||||
"Double Fault",
|
||||
"Coprocessor Segment Overrun",
|
||||
"Bad TSS",
|
||||
"Segment Not Present",
|
||||
"Stack Fault",
|
||||
"General Protection Fault",
|
||||
"Page Fault",
|
||||
"Unknown Interrupt",
|
||||
|
||||
"Coprocessor Fault",
|
||||
"Alignment Check",
|
||||
"Machine Check",
|
||||
"Reserved",
|
||||
"Reserved",
|
||||
"Reserved",
|
||||
"Reserved",
|
||||
"Reserved",
|
||||
|
||||
"Reserved",
|
||||
"Reserved",
|
||||
"Reserved",
|
||||
"Reserved",
|
||||
"Reserved",
|
||||
"Reserved",
|
||||
"Reserved",
|
||||
"Reserved"
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
void isr_handler(registers_t r) {
|
||||
kprint("received interrupt: ");
|
||||
char s[3];
|
||||
int_to_ascii(r.int_no, s);
|
||||
kprint(s);
|
||||
kprint("\n");
|
||||
kprint(exception_messages[r.int_no]);
|
||||
kprint("\n");
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void register_interrupt_handler(u8 n, isr_t handler) {
|
||||
interrupt_handlers[n] = handler;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void irq_handler(registers_t r) {
|
||||
/* After every interrupt we need to send an EOI to the PICs
|
||||
* or they will not send another interrupt again */
|
||||
if (r.int_no >= 40) port_byte_out(0xA0, 0x20); /* slave */
|
||||
port_byte_out(0x20, 0x20); /* master */
|
||||
|
||||
/* Handle the interrupt in a more modular way */
|
||||
if (interrupt_handlers[r.int_no] != 0) {
|
||||
isr_t handler = interrupt_handlers[r.int_no];
|
||||
handler(r);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void irq_install() {
|
||||
/* Enable interruptions */
|
||||
asm volatile("sti");
|
||||
/* IRQ0: timer */
|
||||
init_timer(50);
|
||||
/* IRQ1: keyboard */
|
||||
init_keyboard();
|
||||
}
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
|
||||
#ifndef ISR_H
|
||||
#define ISR_H
|
||||
|
||||
#include "types.h"
|
||||
|
||||
/* ISRs reserved for CPU exceptions */
|
||||
extern void isr0();
|
||||
extern void isr1();
|
||||
extern void isr2();
|
||||
extern void isr3();
|
||||
extern void isr4();
|
||||
extern void isr5();
|
||||
extern void isr6();
|
||||
extern void isr7();
|
||||
extern void isr8();
|
||||
extern void isr9();
|
||||
extern void isr10();
|
||||
extern void isr11();
|
||||
extern void isr12();
|
||||
extern void isr13();
|
||||
extern void isr14();
|
||||
extern void isr15();
|
||||
extern void isr16();
|
||||
extern void isr17();
|
||||
extern void isr18();
|
||||
extern void isr19();
|
||||
extern void isr20();
|
||||
extern void isr21();
|
||||
extern void isr22();
|
||||
extern void isr23();
|
||||
extern void isr24();
|
||||
extern void isr25();
|
||||
extern void isr26();
|
||||
extern void isr27();
|
||||
extern void isr28();
|
||||
extern void isr29();
|
||||
extern void isr30();
|
||||
extern void isr31();
|
||||
/* IRQ definitions */
|
||||
extern void irq0();
|
||||
extern void irq1();
|
||||
extern void irq2();
|
||||
extern void irq3();
|
||||
extern void irq4();
|
||||
extern void irq5();
|
||||
extern void irq6();
|
||||
extern void irq7();
|
||||
extern void irq8();
|
||||
extern void irq9();
|
||||
extern void irq10();
|
||||
extern void irq11();
|
||||
extern void irq12();
|
||||
extern void irq13();
|
||||
extern void irq14();
|
||||
extern void irq15();
|
||||
|
||||
#define IRQ0 32
|
||||
#define IRQ1 33
|
||||
#define IRQ2 34
|
||||
#define IRQ3 35
|
||||
#define IRQ4 36
|
||||
#define IRQ5 37
|
||||
#define IRQ6 38
|
||||
#define IRQ7 39
|
||||
#define IRQ8 40
|
||||
#define IRQ9 41
|
||||
#define IRQ10 42
|
||||
#define IRQ11 43
|
||||
#define IRQ12 44
|
||||
#define IRQ13 45
|
||||
#define IRQ14 46
|
||||
#define IRQ15 47
|
||||
|
||||
/* Struct which aggregates many registers */
|
||||
typedef struct {
|
||||
u32 ds; /* Data segment selector */
|
||||
u32 edi, esi, ebp, esp, ebx, edx, ecx, eax; /* Pushed by pusha. */
|
||||
u32 int_no, err_code; /* Interrupt number and error code (if applicable) */
|
||||
u32 eip, cs, eflags, useresp, ss; /* Pushed by the processor automatically */
|
||||
} registers_t;
|
||||
|
||||
void isr_install();
|
||||
void isr_handler(registers_t r);
|
||||
|
||||
typedef void (*isr_t)(registers_t);
|
||||
void register_interrupt_handler(u8 n, isr_t handler);
|
||||
|
||||
#endif
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1 @@
|
||||
../../20-interrupts-timer/drivers/ports.c
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1 @@
|
||||
../../20-interrupts-timer/drivers/ports.h
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
|
||||
#include "timer.h"
|
||||
#include "isr.h"
|
||||
|
||||
u32 tick = 0;
|
||||
|
||||
static void timer_callback(registers_t regs) {
|
||||
tick++;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void init_timer(u32 freq) {
|
||||
/* Install the function we just wrote */
|
||||
register_interrupt_handler(IRQ0, timer_callback);
|
||||
|
||||
/* Get the PIT value: hardware clock at 1193180 Hz */
|
||||
u32 divisor = 1193180 / freq;
|
||||
u8 low = (u8)(divisor & 0xFF);
|
||||
u8 high = (u8)( (divisor >> 8) & 0xFF);
|
||||
/* Send the command */
|
||||
port_byte_out(0x43, 0x36); /* Command port */
|
||||
port_byte_out(0x40, low);
|
||||
port_byte_out(0x40, high);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
|
||||
#ifndef TIMER_H
|
||||
#define TIMER_H
|
||||
|
||||
#include "types.h"
|
||||
|
||||
void init_timer(u32 freq);
|
||||
|
||||
#endif
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
|
||||
#ifndef TYPES_H
|
||||
#define TYPES_H
|
||||
|
||||
/* Instead of using 'chars' to allocate non-character bytes,
|
||||
* we will use these new type with no semantic meaning */
|
||||
typedef unsigned int u32;
|
||||
typedef int s32;
|
||||
typedef unsigned short u16;
|
||||
typedef short s16;
|
||||
typedef unsigned char u8;
|
||||
typedef char s8;
|
||||
|
||||
#define low_16(address) (u16)((address) & 0xFFFF)
|
||||
#define high_16(address) (u16)(((address) >> 16) & 0xFFFF)
|
||||
|
||||
#endif
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
|
||||
#include "keyboard.h"
|
||||
#include "../cpu/ports.h"
|
||||
#include "../cpu/isr.h"
|
||||
#include "screen.h"
|
||||
#include "../libc/string.h"
|
||||
#include "../kernel/kernel.h"
|
||||
|
||||
#define BACKSPACE 0x0E
|
||||
#define ENTER 0x1C
|
||||
|
||||
#define SC_MAX 57
|
||||
const char *sc_name[] = { "ERROR", "Esc", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6",
|
||||
"7", "8", "9", "0", "-", "=", "Backspace", "Tab", "Q", "W", "E",
|
||||
"R", "T", "Y", "U", "I", "O", "P", "[", "]", "Enter", "Lctrl",
|
||||
"A", "S", "D", "F", "G", "H", "J", "K", "L", ";", "'", "`",
|
||||
"LShift", "\\", "Z", "X", "C", "V", "B", "N", "M", ",", ".",
|
||||
"/", "RShift", "Keypad *", "LAlt", "Spacebar"};
|
||||
const char sc_ascii[] = { '?', '?', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6',
|
||||
'7', '8', '9', '0', '-', '=', '?', '?', 'Q', 'W', 'E', 'R', 'T', 'Y',
|
||||
'U', 'I', 'O', 'P', '[', ']', '?', '?', 'A', 'S', 'D', 'F', 'G',
|
||||
'H', 'J', 'K', 'L', ';', '\'', '`', '?', '\\', 'Z', 'X', 'C', 'V',
|
||||
'B', 'N', 'M', ',', '.', '/', '?', '?', '?', ' '};
|
||||
|
||||
static void keyboard_callback(registers_t regs) {
|
||||
/* The PIC leaves us the scancode in port 0x60 */
|
||||
u8 scancode = port_byte_in(0x60);
|
||||
|
||||
if (scancode > SC_MAX) return;
|
||||
if (scancode == BACKSPACE) {
|
||||
backspace(key_buffer);
|
||||
kprint_backspace();
|
||||
} else if (scancode == ENTER) {
|
||||
kprint("\n");
|
||||
user_input(key_buffer);
|
||||
key_buffer[0] = '\0';
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
char letter = sc_ascii[(int)scancode];
|
||||
char str[2] = {letter, '\0'};
|
||||
append(key_buffer, letter);
|
||||
kprint(str);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void init_keyboard() {
|
||||
register_interrupt_handler(IRQ1, keyboard_callback);
|
||||
}
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
|
||||
#include "../cpu/types.h"
|
||||
|
||||
static char key_buffer[256];
|
||||
|
||||
void init_keyboard();
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
|
||||
#include "screen.h"
|
||||
#include "../cpu/ports.h"
|
||||
|
||||
/* Declaration of private functions */
|
||||
int get_cursor_offset();
|
||||
void set_cursor_offset(int offset);
|
||||
int print_char(char c, int col, int row, char attr);
|
||||
int get_offset(int col, int row);
|
||||
int get_offset_row(int offset);
|
||||
int get_offset_col(int offset);
|
||||
|
||||
/**********************************************************
|
||||
* Public Kernel API functions *
|
||||
**********************************************************/
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Print a message on the specified location
|
||||
* If col, row, are negative, we will use the current offset
|
||||
*/
|
||||
void kprint_at(char *message, int col, int row) {
|
||||
/* Set cursor if col/row are negative */
|
||||
int offset;
|
||||
if (col >= 0 && row >= 0)
|
||||
offset = get_offset(col, row);
|
||||
else {
|
||||
offset = get_cursor_offset();
|
||||
row = get_offset_row(offset);
|
||||
col = get_offset_col(offset);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* Loop through message and print it */
|
||||
int i = 0;
|
||||
while (message[i] != 0) {
|
||||
offset = print_char(message[i++], col, row, WHITE_ON_BLACK);
|
||||
/* Compute row/col for next iteration */
|
||||
row = get_offset_row(offset);
|
||||
col = get_offset_col(offset);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void kprint(char *message) {
|
||||
kprint_at(message, -1, -1);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void kprint_backspace() {
|
||||
int offset = get_cursor_offset()-2;
|
||||
int row = get_offset_row(offset);
|
||||
int col = get_offset_col(offset);
|
||||
print_char(0x08, col, row, WHITE_ON_BLACK);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
/**********************************************************
|
||||
* Private kernel functions *
|
||||
**********************************************************/
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Innermost print function for our kernel, directly accesses the video memory
|
||||
*
|
||||
* If 'col' and 'row' are negative, we will print at current cursor location
|
||||
* If 'attr' is zero it will use 'white on black' as default
|
||||
* Returns the offset of the next character
|
||||
* Sets the video cursor to the returned offset
|
||||
*/
|
||||
int print_char(char c, int col, int row, char attr) {
|
||||
unsigned char *vidmem = (unsigned char*) VIDEO_ADDRESS;
|
||||
if (!attr) attr = WHITE_ON_BLACK;
|
||||
|
||||
/* Error control: print a red 'E' if the coords aren't right */
|
||||
if (col >= MAX_COLS || row >= MAX_ROWS) {
|
||||
vidmem[2*(MAX_COLS)*(MAX_ROWS)-2] = 'E';
|
||||
vidmem[2*(MAX_COLS)*(MAX_ROWS)-1] = RED_ON_WHITE;
|
||||
return get_offset(col, row);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
int offset;
|
||||
if (col >= 0 && row >= 0) offset = get_offset(col, row);
|
||||
else offset = get_cursor_offset();
|
||||
|
||||
if (c == '\n') {
|
||||
row = get_offset_row(offset);
|
||||
offset = get_offset(0, row+1);
|
||||
} else if (c == 0x08) { /* Backspace */
|
||||
vidmem[offset] = ' ';
|
||||
vidmem[offset+1] = attr;
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
vidmem[offset] = c;
|
||||
vidmem[offset+1] = attr;
|
||||
offset += 2;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* Check if the offset is over screen size and scroll */
|
||||
if (offset >= MAX_ROWS * MAX_COLS * 2) {
|
||||
int i;
|
||||
for (i = 1; i < MAX_ROWS; i++)
|
||||
memory_copy(get_offset(0, i) + VIDEO_ADDRESS,
|
||||
get_offset(0, i-1) + VIDEO_ADDRESS,
|
||||
MAX_COLS * 2);
|
||||
|
||||
/* Blank last line */
|
||||
char *last_line = get_offset(0, MAX_ROWS-1) + VIDEO_ADDRESS;
|
||||
for (i = 0; i < MAX_COLS * 2; i++) last_line[i] = 0;
|
||||
|
||||
offset -= 2 * MAX_COLS;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
set_cursor_offset(offset);
|
||||
return offset;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
int get_cursor_offset() {
|
||||
/* Use the VGA ports to get the current cursor position
|
||||
* 1. Ask for high byte of the cursor offset (data 14)
|
||||
* 2. Ask for low byte (data 15)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
port_byte_out(REG_SCREEN_CTRL, 14);
|
||||
int offset = port_byte_in(REG_SCREEN_DATA) << 8; /* High byte: << 8 */
|
||||
port_byte_out(REG_SCREEN_CTRL, 15);
|
||||
offset += port_byte_in(REG_SCREEN_DATA);
|
||||
return offset * 2; /* Position * size of character cell */
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void set_cursor_offset(int offset) {
|
||||
/* Similar to get_cursor_offset, but instead of reading we write data */
|
||||
offset /= 2;
|
||||
port_byte_out(REG_SCREEN_CTRL, 14);
|
||||
port_byte_out(REG_SCREEN_DATA, (unsigned char)(offset >> 8));
|
||||
port_byte_out(REG_SCREEN_CTRL, 15);
|
||||
port_byte_out(REG_SCREEN_DATA, (unsigned char)(offset & 0xff));
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void clear_screen() {
|
||||
int screen_size = MAX_COLS * MAX_ROWS;
|
||||
int i;
|
||||
char *screen = VIDEO_ADDRESS;
|
||||
|
||||
for (i = 0; i < screen_size; i++) {
|
||||
screen[i*2] = ' ';
|
||||
screen[i*2+1] = WHITE_ON_BLACK;
|
||||
}
|
||||
set_cursor_offset(get_offset(0, 0));
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
int get_offset(int col, int row) { return 2 * (row * MAX_COLS + col); }
|
||||
int get_offset_row(int offset) { return offset / (2 * MAX_COLS); }
|
||||
int get_offset_col(int offset) { return (offset - (get_offset_row(offset)*2*MAX_COLS))/2; }
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
|
||||
#ifndef SCREEN_H
|
||||
#define SCREEN_H
|
||||
|
||||
#define VIDEO_ADDRESS 0xb8000
|
||||
#define MAX_ROWS 25
|
||||
#define MAX_COLS 80
|
||||
#define WHITE_ON_BLACK 0x0f
|
||||
#define RED_ON_WHITE 0xf4
|
||||
|
||||
/* Screen i/o ports */
|
||||
#define REG_SCREEN_CTRL 0x3d4
|
||||
#define REG_SCREEN_DATA 0x3d5
|
||||
|
||||
/* Public kernel API */
|
||||
void clear_screen();
|
||||
void kprint_at(char *message, int col, int row);
|
||||
void kprint(char *message);
|
||||
void kprint_backspace();
|
||||
|
||||
#endif
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
|
||||
#include "../cpu/isr.h"
|
||||
#include "../drivers/screen.h"
|
||||
#include "kernel.h"
|
||||
|
||||
void main() {
|
||||
isr_install();
|
||||
irq_install();
|
||||
|
||||
kprint("Type something, it will go through the kernel\n"
|
||||
"Type END to halt the CPU\n> ");
|
||||
|
||||
// Do we need an infinite loop here?
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void user_input(char *input) {
|
||||
if (strcmp(input, "END") == 0) {
|
||||
kprint("Stopping the CPU. Bye!\n");
|
||||
asm volatile("hlt");
|
||||
}
|
||||
kprint("You said: ");
|
||||
kprint(input);
|
||||
kprint("\n> ");
|
||||
}
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
|
||||
#ifndef KERNEL_H
|
||||
#define KERNEL_H
|
||||
|
||||
void user_input(char *input);
|
||||
|
||||
#endif
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
|
||||
#include "mem.h"
|
||||
|
||||
void memory_copy(char *source, char *dest, int nbytes) {
|
||||
int i;
|
||||
for (i = 0; i < nbytes; i++) {
|
||||
*(dest + i) = *(source + i);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void memory_set(u8 *dest, u8 val, u32 len) {
|
||||
u8 *temp = (u8 *)dest;
|
||||
for ( ; len != 0; len--) *temp++ = val;
|
||||
}
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
||||
#ifndef MEM_H
|
||||
#define MEM_H
|
||||
|
||||
#include "../cpu/types.h"
|
||||
|
||||
void memory_copy(char *source, char *dest, int nbytes);
|
||||
void memory_set(u8 *dest, u8 val, u32 len);
|
||||
|
||||
#endif
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
|
||||
#include "string.h"
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* K&R implementation
|
||||
*/
|
||||
void int_to_ascii(int n, char str[]) {
|
||||
int i, sign;
|
||||
if ((sign = n) < 0) n = -n;
|
||||
i = 0;
|
||||
do {
|
||||
str[i++] = n % 10 + '0';
|
||||
} while ((n /= 10) > 0);
|
||||
|
||||
if (sign < 0) str[i++] = '-';
|
||||
str[i] = '\0';
|
||||
|
||||
reverse(str);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* K&R */
|
||||
void reverse(char s[]) {
|
||||
int c, i, j;
|
||||
for (i = 0, j = strlen(s)-1; i < j; i++, j--) {
|
||||
c = s[i];
|
||||
s[i] = s[j];
|
||||
s[j] = c;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* K&R */
|
||||
int strlen(char s[]) {
|
||||
int i = 0;
|
||||
while (s[i] != '\0') ++i;
|
||||
return i;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void append(char s[], char n) {
|
||||
int len = strlen(s);
|
||||
s[len] = n;
|
||||
s[len+1] = '\0';
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void backspace(char s[]) {
|
||||
int len = strlen(s);
|
||||
s[len-1] = '\0';
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* K&R
|
||||
* Returns <0 if s1<s2, 0 if s1==s2, >0 if s1>s2 */
|
||||
int strcmp(char s1[], char s2[]) {
|
||||
int i;
|
||||
for (i = 0; s1[i] == s2[i]; i++) {
|
||||
if (s1[i] == '\0') return 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
return s1[i] - s2[i];
|
||||
}
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
||||
#ifndef STRINGS_H
|
||||
#define STRINGS_H
|
||||
|
||||
void int_to_ascii(int n, char str[]);
|
||||
void reverse(char s[]);
|
||||
int strlen(char s[]);
|
||||
void append(char s[], char n);
|
||||
int strcmp(char s1[], char s2[]);
|
||||
|
||||
#endif
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in new issue