diff --git a/100_core/src/gplx/Bry_split_.java b/100_core/src/gplx/Bry_split_.java
index b0a0b433f..2f46ed571 100644
--- a/100_core/src/gplx/Bry_split_.java
+++ b/100_core/src/gplx/Bry_split_.java
@@ -134,6 +134,24 @@ public class Bry_split_ {
 		}
 		return rv;
 	}
+	public static byte[][] Split_ws(byte[] src) {// REF.PHP: preg_split('/\s+/', $text)
+		int len = src.length;
+		if (len == 0) return Bry_.Ary_empty;
+
+		List_adp list = List_adp_.New();
+		int pos = 0;
+		while (true) {
+			int bgn = Bry_find_.Find_fwd_while_ws(src, pos, len);
+			if (bgn == len) break; // EOS
+			int end = Bry_find_.Find_fwd_until_ws(src, bgn + 1, len);
+			if (end == -1) end = len;
+			list.Add(Bry_.Mid(src, bgn, end));
+			pos = end + 1;
+			if (pos >= len) break;
+		}
+		return (byte[][])list.To_ary_and_clear(byte[].class);
+	}
+
 
 	public static final int Rv__ok = 0, Rv__extend = 1, Rv__cancel = 2;
 }
diff --git a/100_core/src/gplx/Bry_split__tst.java b/100_core/src/gplx/Bry_split__tst.java
index c6fb53018..70cd286f2 100644
--- a/100_core/src/gplx/Bry_split__tst.java
+++ b/100_core/src/gplx/Bry_split__tst.java
@@ -49,6 +49,11 @@ public class Bry_split__tst {
 		fxt.Test__split_w_max("a"                    , Byte_ascii.Pipe, 2, "a", null);		// max is more
 		fxt.Test__split_w_max("|"                    , Byte_ascii.Pipe, 2, "", "");		    // empty itms
 	}
+	@Test  public void Split_ws() {
+		fxt.Test__split_ws("a b", "a", "b");
+		fxt.Test__split_ws(" a ", "a");
+		fxt.Test__split_ws("  abc   def  ", "abc", "def");
+	}
 }
 class Bry_split__fxt {
 	private final    Bry_split_wkr__example wkr = new Bry_split_wkr__example();
@@ -64,6 +69,10 @@ class Bry_split__fxt {
 	public void Test__split_w_max(String src, byte dlm, int max, String... expd) {
 		Gftest.Eq__ary(expd, String_.Ary(Bry_split_.Split_w_max(Bry_.new_u8(src), dlm, max)));
 	}
+	public void Test__split_ws(String raw, String... expd) {
+		byte[][] actl = Bry_split_.Split_ws(Bry_.new_u8(raw));
+		Gftest.Eq__ary(Bry_.Ary(expd), actl, raw);
+	}
 }
 class Bry_split_wkr__example implements gplx.core.brys.Bry_split_wkr {
 	private final    List_adp list = List_adp_.New();
diff --git a/400_xowa/src/gplx/core/data_stores/Gfo_data_itm.java b/400_xowa/src/gplx/core/data_stores/Gfo_data_itm.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..633bc7032
--- /dev/null
+++ b/400_xowa/src/gplx/core/data_stores/Gfo_data_itm.java
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/*
+XOWA: the XOWA Offline Wiki Application
+Copyright (C) 2012-2017 gnosygnu@gmail.com
+
+XOWA is licensed under the terms of the General Public License (GPL) Version 3,
+or alternatively under the terms of the Apache License Version 2.0.
+
+You may use XOWA according to either of these licenses as is most appropriate
+for your project on a case-by-case basis.
+
+The terms of each license can be found in the source code repository:
+
+GPLv3 License: https://github.com/gnosygnu/xowa/blob/master/LICENSE-GPLv3.txt
+Apache License: https://github.com/gnosygnu/xowa/blob/master/LICENSE-APACHE2.txt
+*/
+package gplx.core.data_stores; import gplx.*; import gplx.core.*;
+public interface Gfo_data_itm {
+	String Key();
+}
diff --git a/400_xowa/src/gplx/core/data_stores/Gfo_data_store.java b/400_xowa/src/gplx/core/data_stores/Gfo_data_store.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9b56cd0f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/400_xowa/src/gplx/core/data_stores/Gfo_data_store.java
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/*
+XOWA: the XOWA Offline Wiki Application
+Copyright (C) 2012-2017 gnosygnu@gmail.com
+
+XOWA is licensed under the terms of the General Public License (GPL) Version 3,
+or alternatively under the terms of the Apache License Version 2.0.
+
+You may use XOWA according to either of these licenses as is most appropriate
+for your project on a case-by-case basis.
+
+The terms of each license can be found in the source code repository:
+
+GPLv3 License: https://github.com/gnosygnu/xowa/blob/master/LICENSE-GPLv3.txt
+Apache License: https://github.com/gnosygnu/xowa/blob/master/LICENSE-APACHE2.txt
+*/
+package gplx.core.data_stores; import gplx.*; import gplx.core.*;
+public class Gfo_data_store {
+	private final    Hash_adp hash = Hash_adp_.New();
+	public Gfo_data_itm Get_or_null(String key) {
+		return (Gfo_data_itm)hash.Get_by(key);
+	}
+	public void Set(Gfo_data_itm itm) {
+		hash.Add_if_dupe_use_nth(itm.Key(), itm);
+	}
+	public void Clear() {
+		hash.Clear();
+	}
+} 
diff --git a/400_xowa/src/gplx/langs/htmls/Gfh_atr_itm.java b/400_xowa/src/gplx/langs/htmls/Gfh_atr_itm.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..68530dac3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/400_xowa/src/gplx/langs/htmls/Gfh_atr_itm.java
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/*
+XOWA: the XOWA Offline Wiki Application
+Copyright (C) 2012-2017 gnosygnu@gmail.com
+
+XOWA is licensed under the terms of the General Public License (GPL) Version 3,
+or alternatively under the terms of the Apache License Version 2.0.
+
+You may use XOWA according to either of these licenses as is most appropriate
+for your project on a case-by-case basis.
+
+The terms of each license can be found in the source code repository:
+
+GPLv3 License: https://github.com/gnosygnu/xowa/blob/master/LICENSE-GPLv3.txt
+Apache License: https://github.com/gnosygnu/xowa/blob/master/LICENSE-APACHE2.txt
+*/
+package gplx.langs.htmls; import gplx.*; import gplx.langs.*;
+public class Gfh_atr_itm {
+	public Gfh_atr_itm(byte[] key, byte[] val) {
+		this.key = key;
+		this.val = val;
+	}
+	public byte[] Key() {return key;} private final    byte[] key;
+	public byte[] Val() {return val;} private final    byte[] val;
+	public static Gfh_atr_itm New(byte[] key, String val) {return new Gfh_atr_itm(key, Bry_.new_u8(val));}
+	public static Gfh_atr_itm New(byte[] key, byte[] val) {return new Gfh_atr_itm(key, val);}
+}
diff --git a/400_xowa/src/gplx/langs/htmls/Gfh_html_.java b/400_xowa/src/gplx/langs/htmls/Gfh_html_.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8a098187c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/400_xowa/src/gplx/langs/htmls/Gfh_html_.java
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+XOWA: the XOWA Offline Wiki Application
+Copyright (C) 2012-2017 gnosygnu@gmail.com
+
+XOWA is licensed under the terms of the General Public License (GPL) Version 3,
+or alternatively under the terms of the Apache License Version 2.0.
+
+You may use XOWA according to either of these licenses as is most appropriate
+for your project on a case-by-case basis.
+
+The terms of each license can be found in the source code repository:
+
+GPLv3 License: https://github.com/gnosygnu/xowa/blob/master/LICENSE-GPLv3.txt
+Apache License: https://github.com/gnosygnu/xowa/blob/master/LICENSE-APACHE2.txt
+*/
+package gplx.langs.htmls; import gplx.*; import gplx.langs.*;
+public class Gfh_html_ {
+	public static byte[] rawElement(Bry_bfr bfr, int tag_id, byte[] body, Gfh_atr_itm... atrs) {
+		// add "<tag"
+		byte[] tag_name = Bry_.new_u8(Gfh_tag_.To_str(tag_id));
+		Gfh_tag_.Bld_lhs_bgn(bfr, tag_name);
+
+		// add " key1=val1 ..."
+		int len = atrs.length;
+		for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+			Gfh_atr_itm atr = atrs[i];
+			Gfh_atr_.Add(bfr, atr.Key(), atr.Val());
+		}
+
+		// add ">"
+		Gfh_tag_.Bld_lhs_end_nde(bfr);
+
+		bfr.Add(body);
+
+		// add "</tag>"
+		Gfh_tag_.Bld_rhs(bfr, tag_name);
+		return bfr.To_bry_and_clear();
+	}
+}
diff --git a/400_xowa/src/gplx/langs/htmls/Gfh_tag_.java b/400_xowa/src/gplx/langs/htmls/Gfh_tag_.java
index 78a990a7f..a57199ff5 100644
--- a/400_xowa/src/gplx/langs/htmls/Gfh_tag_.java
+++ b/400_xowa/src/gplx/langs/htmls/Gfh_tag_.java
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ public class Gfh_tag_ {	// NOTE: not serialized; used by tag_rdr
 	, Comm_end_len = Comm_end.length
 	;
 	public static final    byte[] Rhs_bgn = Bry_.new_a7("</");
-	public static void Bld_lhs_bgn(Bry_bfr bfr, byte[] tag) {bfr.Add_byte(Byte_ascii.Lt).Add(tag);}						// >
+	public static void Bld_lhs_bgn(Bry_bfr bfr, byte[] tag) {bfr.Add_byte(Byte_ascii.Lt).Add(tag);}						// <tag
 	public static void Bld_lhs_end_nde(Bry_bfr bfr)			{bfr.Add_byte(Byte_ascii.Gt);}								// >
 	public static void Bld_lhs_end_inl(Bry_bfr bfr)			{bfr.Add_byte(Byte_ascii.Slash).Add_byte(Byte_ascii.Gt);}	// "/>"
 	public static void Bld_rhs(Bry_bfr bfr, byte[] name)	{bfr.Add(Rhs_bgn).Add(name).Add_byte(Byte_ascii.Angle_end);}	// EX:"</tag_name>"
diff --git a/400_xowa/src/gplx/xowa/Xop_fxt.java b/400_xowa/src/gplx/xowa/Xop_fxt.java
index ba33a5e4e..7001ea236 100644
--- a/400_xowa/src/gplx/xowa/Xop_fxt.java
+++ b/400_xowa/src/gplx/xowa/Xop_fxt.java
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Apache License: https://github.com/gnosygnu/xowa/blob/master/LICENSE-APACHE2.txt
 package gplx.xowa; import gplx.*;
 import gplx.core.tests.*; import gplx.core.log_msgs.*;
 import gplx.xowa.apps.cfgs.*;
-import gplx.xowa.langs.*; import gplx.xowa.langs.kwds.*;
+import gplx.xowa.langs.*; import gplx.xowa.langs.kwds.*; import gplx.xowa.langs.msgs.*;
 import gplx.xowa.htmls.*; import gplx.xowa.htmls.core.htmls.*;
 import gplx.xowa.parsers.*; import gplx.xowa.parsers.amps.*; import gplx.xowa.parsers.apos.*; import gplx.xowa.parsers.hdrs.*; import gplx.xowa.parsers.lists.*; import gplx.xowa.parsers.paras.*; import gplx.xowa.parsers.xndes.*; import gplx.xowa.parsers.tmpls.*; import gplx.xowa.parsers.miscs.*; import gplx.xowa.parsers.tblws.*; import gplx.xowa.parsers.lnkes.*; import gplx.xowa.parsers.lnkis.*;
 import gplx.xowa.files.exts.*; import gplx.xowa.files.repos.*;
@@ -161,6 +161,10 @@ public class Xop_fxt {
 		rv.Find_tkn_(tkn_arg_itm_(find));
 		return rv;
 	}
+	public void     Init__msg(String key, String val) {
+		Xol_msg_itm msg_itm = wiki.Msg_mgr().Get_or_make(Bry_.new_u8(key));
+		msg_itm.Atrs_set(Bry_.new_u8(val), false, false);
+	}
 	public Xop_fxt	Init_para_y_() {ctx.Para().Enabled_y_(); return this;}
 	public Xop_fxt	Init_para_n_() {ctx.Para().Enabled_n_(); return this;}
 	public Xop_fxt	Init_log_(Gfo_msg_itm... itms) {for (Gfo_msg_itm itm : itms) log_itms.Add(itm); return this;} List_adp log_itms = List_adp_.New();
diff --git a/400_xowa/src/gplx/xowa/parsers/Xow_parser_mgr.java b/400_xowa/src/gplx/xowa/parsers/Xow_parser_mgr.java
index 3bfa27206..ff72cface 100644
--- a/400_xowa/src/gplx/xowa/parsers/Xow_parser_mgr.java
+++ b/400_xowa/src/gplx/xowa/parsers/Xow_parser_mgr.java
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ GPLv3 License: https://github.com/gnosygnu/xowa/blob/master/LICENSE-GPLv3.txt
 Apache License: https://github.com/gnosygnu/xowa/blob/master/LICENSE-APACHE2.txt
 */
 package gplx.xowa.parsers; import gplx.*; import gplx.xowa.*;
-import gplx.core.primitives.*; import gplx.core.brys.fmtrs.*;
+import gplx.core.primitives.*; import gplx.core.brys.fmtrs.*; import gplx.core.data_stores.*;
 import gplx.xowa.wikis.*; import gplx.core.envs.*;
 import gplx.xowa.files.*;
 import gplx.xowa.xtns.scribunto.*; import gplx.xowa.xtns.wbases.hwtrs.*; import gplx.xowa.xtns.pfuncs.ifs.*; import gplx.xowa.xtns.pfuncs.times.*; import gplx.xowa.xtns.pfuncs.ttls.*;
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ public class Xow_parser_mgr {
 	}
 	public Xop_ctx					Ctx()				{return ctx;} private final    Xop_ctx ctx;
 	public Xop_parser				Main()				{return parser;} private final    Xop_parser parser;
+	public Gfo_data_store           Data_store()        {return data_store;} private final    Gfo_data_store data_store = new Gfo_data_store();
 	public Scrib_core_mgr			Scrib()				{return scrib;} private final    Scrib_core_mgr scrib = new Scrib_core_mgr();
 	public Xof_img_size				Img_size()			{return img_size;} private final    Xof_img_size img_size = new Xof_img_size();
 	public Pfunc_ifexist_mgr		Ifexist_mgr()		{return ifexist_mgr;} private final    Pfunc_ifexist_mgr ifexist_mgr = new Pfunc_ifexist_mgr();
diff --git a/400_xowa/src/gplx/xowa/xtns/cites/Cite_link_label_mgr.java b/400_xowa/src/gplx/xowa/xtns/cites/Cite_link_label_mgr.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..448c6268e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/400_xowa/src/gplx/xowa/xtns/cites/Cite_link_label_mgr.java
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+XOWA: the XOWA Offline Wiki Application
+Copyright (C) 2012-2017 gnosygnu@gmail.com
+
+XOWA is licensed under the terms of the General Public License (GPL) Version 3,
+or alternatively under the terms of the Apache License Version 2.0.
+
+You may use XOWA according to either of these licenses as is most appropriate
+for your project on a case-by-case basis.
+
+The terms of each license can be found in the source code repository:
+
+GPLv3 License: https://github.com/gnosygnu/xowa/blob/master/LICENSE-GPLv3.txt
+Apache License: https://github.com/gnosygnu/xowa/blob/master/LICENSE-APACHE2.txt
+*/
+package gplx.xowa.xtns.cites; import gplx.*; import gplx.xowa.*; import gplx.xowa.xtns.*;
+class Cite_link_label_mgr {
+	private final    Hash_adp_bry hash = Hash_adp_bry.cs();
+	public void Clear() {
+		hash.Clear();
+	}
+	public Cite_link_label_grp Get_or_null(byte[] group) {
+		return (Cite_link_label_grp)hash.Get_by(group);
+	}
+	public void Add(byte[] group, Cite_link_label_grp grp) {
+		hash.Add(group, grp);
+	}
+}
+class Cite_link_label_grp {
+	private final    byte[][] labels;
+	public Cite_link_label_grp(byte[] name, byte[][] labels) {
+		this.name = name;
+		this.labels = labels;
+	}
+	public byte[] Name() {return name;} private final    byte[] name;
+	public int Len() {return labels.length;}
+	public byte[] Get_or_null(int idx) {
+		return idx < labels.length ? labels[idx] : null;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/400_xowa/src/gplx/xowa/xtns/cites/Cite_mgr.java b/400_xowa/src/gplx/xowa/xtns/cites/Cite_mgr.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8876a4a92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/400_xowa/src/gplx/xowa/xtns/cites/Cite_mgr.java
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/*
+XOWA: the XOWA Offline Wiki Application
+Copyright (C) 2012-2017 gnosygnu@gmail.com
+
+XOWA is licensed under the terms of the General Public License (GPL) Version 3,
+or alternatively under the terms of the Apache License Version 2.0.
+
+You may use XOWA according to either of these licenses as is most appropriate
+for your project on a case-by-case basis.
+
+The terms of each license can be found in the source code repository:
+
+GPLv3 License: https://github.com/gnosygnu/xowa/blob/master/LICENSE-GPLv3.txt
+Apache License: https://github.com/gnosygnu/xowa/blob/master/LICENSE-APACHE2.txt
+*/
+package gplx.xowa.xtns.cites; import gplx.*; import gplx.xowa.*; import gplx.xowa.xtns.*;
+import gplx.core.brys.fmtrs.*;
+import gplx.xowa.langs.*; import gplx.xowa.langs.msgs.*;
+import gplx.langs.htmls.*;
+class Cite_mgr { // REF.MW:/extensions/Cite/includes/Cite.php
+	private final    Xowe_wiki wiki;
+	private final    Hash_adp_bry messages_by_group = Hash_adp_bry.cs();
+	private Cite_xtn_data xtn_data;
+	private Cite_link_label_mgr link_label_mgr;
+	public Cite_mgr(Xowe_wiki wiki) {
+		this.wiki = wiki;
+	}
+	public byte[] getLinkLabel(int offset, byte[] group) {
+		// get xtn_data; NOTE: should go in Init_by_wiki, but Init_by_wiki doesn't get called by tests
+		if (xtn_data == null) {
+			this.xtn_data = Cite_xtn_data.Get_or_make(wiki.Parser_mgr().Data_store());
+			this.link_label_mgr = xtn_data.Link_labels();
+		}
+
+		// get message; use cache to avoid multiple concantenations; EX: "cite_link_label_group-" + "lower-roman";
+		byte[] message = (byte[])messages_by_group.Get_by_bry(group);
+		if (message == null) {
+			message = Bry_.Add(Msg__cite_link_label_group, group);
+			messages_by_group.Add(group, message);
+		}
+
+		// get linkLabels or gen
+		Cite_link_label_grp linkLabels = link_label_mgr.Get_or_null(group);
+		if (linkLabels == null) {
+			linkLabels = this.genLinkLabels(group, message);
+		}
+
+		// if linkLabels group missing, just concat; EX: "custom-group 1"
+		if (linkLabels.Len() == 0) {
+			return Bry_.Add((group.length == 0 ? Bry_.Empty : Bry_.Add(group, Byte_ascii.Space)), wiki.Lang().Num_mgr().Format_num(offset));  
+		}
+
+		// linkLabels group exists; pull corresponding offset; EX: "5" in lower-roman -> "v"
+		byte[] rv = linkLabels.Get_or_null(offset - 1);
+		return rv == null
+			? this.plainError(Msg__cite_error_no_link_label_group, group, message)
+			: rv;
+	}
+	private Cite_link_label_grp genLinkLabels(byte[] group, byte[] message) {
+		Xol_msg_itm msg = wiki.Msg_mgr().Find_or_null(message);
+		byte[][] text = msg == null
+			? Bry_.Ary_empty
+			: Bry_split_.Split_ws(msg.Val());
+
+		Cite_link_label_grp grp = new Cite_link_label_grp(group, text);
+		link_label_mgr.Add(group, grp);
+		return grp;
+	}
+	private byte[] plainError(byte[] key, Object... ary) {
+		Bry_bfr tmp_bfr = Bry_bfr_.New();
+		Bry_fmtr tmp_fmtr = Bry_fmtr.New__tmp();
+
+		// build specific error msg
+		Xol_msg_itm msg_itm = wiki.Msg_mgr().Find_or_null(key);
+		byte[] msg = (msg_itm == null) ? key : msg_itm.Fmt(tmp_bfr, tmp_fmtr, ary);
+
+		// wrap specific error message with "Cite error: "
+		msg_itm = wiki.Msg_mgr().Find_or_null(Msg__cite_error);
+		if (msg_itm != null)
+			msg = msg_itm.Fmt(tmp_bfr, tmp_fmtr, msg);
+
+		// generate tag
+		Xol_lang_itm lang = wiki.Lang();
+		byte[] ret = Gfh_html_.rawElement
+			( tmp_bfr, Gfh_tag_.Id__span
+			, msg
+			, Gfh_atr_itm.New(Gfh_atr_.Bry__class, "error mw-ext-cite-error")
+			, Gfh_atr_itm.New(Gfh_atr_.Bry__lang , lang.Key_bry())
+			, Gfh_atr_itm.New(Gfh_atr_.Bry__dir  , lang.Dir_ltr_bry())
+			);
+		return ret;
+	}
+	public static final    byte[]
+	  Msg__cite_link_label_group = Bry_.new_a7("cite_link_label_group-")
+	, Msg__cite_error = Bry_.new_a7("cite_error")
+	, Msg__cite_error_no_link_label_group = Bry_.new_a7("cite_error_no_link_label_group")
+	;
+}
diff --git a/400_xowa/src/gplx/xowa/xtns/cites/Cite_mgr_tst.java b/400_xowa/src/gplx/xowa/xtns/cites/Cite_mgr_tst.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..25fa825e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/400_xowa/src/gplx/xowa/xtns/cites/Cite_mgr_tst.java
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/*
+XOWA: the XOWA Offline Wiki Application
+Copyright (C) 2012-2017 gnosygnu@gmail.com
+
+XOWA is licensed under the terms of the General Public License (GPL) Version 3,
+or alternatively under the terms of the Apache License Version 2.0.
+
+You may use XOWA according to either of these licenses as is most appropriate
+for your project on a case-by-case basis.
+
+The terms of each license can be found in the source code repository:
+
+GPLv3 License: https://github.com/gnosygnu/xowa/blob/master/LICENSE-GPLv3.txt
+Apache License: https://github.com/gnosygnu/xowa/blob/master/LICENSE-APACHE2.txt
+*/
+package gplx.xowa.xtns.cites; import gplx.*; import gplx.xowa.*; import gplx.xowa.xtns.*;
+import org.junit.*; import gplx.core.tests.*;
+import gplx.xowa.langs.msgs.*;
+public class Cite_mgr_tst {		
+	private final    Cite_mgr_fxt fxt = new Cite_mgr_fxt();
+	@Test   public void getLinkLabel_lower_alpha() {
+		fxt.Test__getLinkLabel("lower-alpha", 1, "a");
+		fxt.Test__getLinkLabel("lower-alpha", 2, "b");
+		fxt.Test__getLinkLabel("lower-alpha", 3, "c");
+	}
+	@Test   public void getLinkLabel_upper_roman() {
+		fxt.Test__getLinkLabel("upper-roman", 1, "I");
+		fxt.Test__getLinkLabel("upper-roman", 2, "II");
+		fxt.Test__getLinkLabel("upper-roman", 3, "III");
+	}
+	@Test   public void getLinkLabel_unknown() {
+		fxt.Test__getLinkLabel("unknown", 1, "unknown 1");
+	}
+	@Test   public void getLinkLabel_err() {
+		fxt.Test__getLinkLabel("upper-roman", 4, "<span class=\"error mw-ext-cite-error\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group \"upper-roman\".\nDefine more in the <nowiki>[[MediaWiki:cite_link_label_group-upper-roman]]</nowiki> message.</span>");
+	}
+}
+class Cite_mgr_fxt {
+	private Cite_mgr mgr;
+	private Xowe_wiki wiki;
+	public Cite_mgr_fxt() {
+		// init cite_mgr
+		Xoae_app app = Xoa_app_fxt.Make__app__edit();
+		this.wiki = Xoa_app_fxt.Make__wiki__edit(app);
+		this.mgr = new Cite_mgr(wiki);
+
+		// init common messages
+		this.Init__msg__label_grp("lower-alpha", "a b c");
+		this.Init__msg__label_grp("upper-roman", "I II III");
+		this.Init__msg(Cite_mgr.Msg__cite_error, "Cite error: ~{0}");
+		this.Init__msg(Cite_mgr.Msg__cite_error_no_link_label_group, "Ran out of custom link labels for group \"~{0}\".\nDefine more in the <nowiki>[[MediaWiki:~{1}]]</nowiki> message.");
+	}
+	private void Init__msg__label_grp(String key, String val) {
+		this.Init__msg(String_.new_u8(Cite_mgr.Msg__cite_link_label_group) + key, val);
+	}
+	private void Init__msg(String key, String val) {Init__msg(Bry_.new_u8(key), val);}
+	private void Init__msg(byte[] key, String val) {
+		Xol_msg_itm msg = wiki.Msg_mgr().Get_or_make(key);
+		msg.Atrs_set(Bry_.new_u8(val), false, false);
+	}
+	public void Test__getLinkLabel(String group, int offset, String expd) {
+		Gftest.Eq__str(expd, mgr.getLinkLabel(offset, Bry_.new_u8(group)));
+	}
+}
diff --git a/400_xowa/src/gplx/xowa/xtns/cites/Cite_xtn_data.java b/400_xowa/src/gplx/xowa/xtns/cites/Cite_xtn_data.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ab69249fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/400_xowa/src/gplx/xowa/xtns/cites/Cite_xtn_data.java
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+XOWA: the XOWA Offline Wiki Application
+Copyright (C) 2012-2017 gnosygnu@gmail.com
+
+XOWA is licensed under the terms of the General Public License (GPL) Version 3,
+or alternatively under the terms of the Apache License Version 2.0.
+
+You may use XOWA according to either of these licenses as is most appropriate
+for your project on a case-by-case basis.
+
+The terms of each license can be found in the source code repository:
+
+GPLv3 License: https://github.com/gnosygnu/xowa/blob/master/LICENSE-GPLv3.txt
+Apache License: https://github.com/gnosygnu/xowa/blob/master/LICENSE-APACHE2.txt
+*/
+package gplx.xowa.xtns.cites; import gplx.*; import gplx.xowa.*; import gplx.xowa.xtns.*;
+import gplx.core.data_stores.*;
+class Cite_xtn_data implements Gfo_data_itm {
+	public String Key() {return KEY;}
+	public void Clear() {
+		link_labels.Clear();
+	}
+	public Cite_link_label_mgr Link_labels() {return link_labels;} private final    Cite_link_label_mgr link_labels = new Cite_link_label_mgr();
+
+	private static final String KEY = "xtn.Cite";
+	public static Cite_xtn_data Get_or_make(Gfo_data_store data_store) {
+		Cite_xtn_data rv = (Cite_xtn_data)data_store.Get_or_null(KEY);
+		if (rv == null) {
+			rv = new Cite_xtn_data();
+			data_store.Set(rv);
+		}
+		return rv;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/400_xowa/src/gplx/xowa/xtns/cites/Cite_xtn_mgr.java b/400_xowa/src/gplx/xowa/xtns/cites/Cite_xtn_mgr.java
index 0f1a8c4e2..103be02cc 100644
--- a/400_xowa/src/gplx/xowa/xtns/cites/Cite_xtn_mgr.java
+++ b/400_xowa/src/gplx/xowa/xtns/cites/Cite_xtn_mgr.java
@@ -17,13 +17,4 @@ package gplx.xowa.xtns.cites; import gplx.*; import gplx.xowa.*; import gplx.xow
 public class Cite_xtn_mgr extends Xox_mgr_base {
 	@Override public byte[] Xtn_key() {return XTN_KEY;} public static final    byte[] XTN_KEY = Bry_.new_a7("cite");
 	@Override public Xox_mgr Xtn_clone_new() {return new Cite_xtn_mgr();}
-	@Override public Object Invk(GfsCtx ctx, int ikey, String k, GfoMsg m) {
-		if		(ctx.Match(k, Invk_group_default_name))		return String_.new_u8(group_default_name);
-		else if	(ctx.Match(k, Invk_group_default_name_))	group_default_name = m.ReadBry("v");
-		else	return super.Invk(ctx, ikey, k, m);
-		return this;
-	}
-	private static final    String Invk_group_default_name = "group_default_name", Invk_group_default_name_ = "group_default_name_";
-
-	public static byte[] Group_default_name() {return group_default_name;} private static byte[] group_default_name = Bry_.new_a7("lower-alpha");
 }
diff --git a/400_xowa/src/gplx/xowa/xtns/cites/Ref_html_wtr.java b/400_xowa/src/gplx/xowa/xtns/cites/Ref_html_wtr.java
index 516123cab..3639cd06a 100644
--- a/400_xowa/src/gplx/xowa/xtns/cites/Ref_html_wtr.java
+++ b/400_xowa/src/gplx/xowa/xtns/cites/Ref_html_wtr.java
@@ -19,22 +19,20 @@ import gplx.xowa.htmls.*; import gplx.xowa.htmls.core.htmls.*;
 import gplx.xowa.parsers.*; import gplx.xowa.parsers.xndes.*;
 public class Ref_html_wtr {
 	private final    Xoh_ref_list_fmtr grp_list_fmtr = new Xoh_ref_list_fmtr();
-	private final    Bfr_arg__bry_fmtr grp_key_fmtr = Bfr_arg_.New_bry_fmtr__null(), itm_id_fmtr = Bfr_arg_.New_bry_fmtr__null(), grp_id_fmtr = Bfr_arg_.New_bry_fmtr__null();
+	private final    Bfr_arg__bry_fmtr itm_id_fmtr = Bfr_arg_.New_bry_fmtr__null(), grp_id_fmtr = Bfr_arg_.New_bry_fmtr__null();
+	private final    Cite_mgr mgr;
 	public Ref_html_wtr(Xowe_wiki wiki) {
 		cfg = Ref_html_wtr_cfg.new_();
+		mgr = new Cite_mgr(wiki);
 	}
 	public void Xnde_ref(Xoh_wtr_ctx opts, Bry_bfr bfr, byte[] src, Xop_xnde_tkn xnde) {
 		Ref_nde itm = (Ref_nde)xnde.Xnde_xtn();
 		if (itm == null) return;
 		if (itm.Follow_y()) return;	// NOTE: "follow" is always appended to preceding ref; will never generate its own ^ a  
-		byte[] itm_group = itm.Group();
-		boolean itm_group_is_default = Bry_.Eq(itm_group, Bry_.Empty) || Bry_.Eq(itm_group, Cite_xtn_mgr.Group_default_name());	// do not show "lower-alpha"; PAGE:en.w:Moon; DATE:2014-07-21
 		cfg.Itm_html().Bld_bfr_many(bfr
 			, Itm_id(itm, true)
 			, Grp_id(itm)
-			, itm_group_is_default
-			? itm.Idx_major() + 1
-			: (Object)grp_key_fmtr.Set(cfg.Itm_grp_text(), itm.Group(), itm.Idx_major() + 1)
+			, mgr.getLinkLabel(itm.Idx_major() + 1, itm.Group())
 			);
 	}
 	public Ref_html_wtr_cfg Cfg() {return cfg;} private Ref_html_wtr_cfg cfg;
diff --git a/400_xowa/src/gplx/xowa/xtns/cites/Ref_html_wtr_cfg.java b/400_xowa/src/gplx/xowa/xtns/cites/Ref_html_wtr_cfg.java
index ef9f5e8a9..eaf3b7e1e 100644
--- a/400_xowa/src/gplx/xowa/xtns/cites/Ref_html_wtr_cfg.java
+++ b/400_xowa/src/gplx/xowa/xtns/cites/Ref_html_wtr_cfg.java
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ public class Ref_html_wtr_cfg {
 	public Bry_fmtr Itm_id_uid() 		{return itm_id_uid;} 		private Bry_fmtr itm_id_uid; 		public Ref_html_wtr_cfg Itm_id_uid_(String v) {itm_id_uid 			= Bry_fmtr.new_(v, "uid"); return this;}
 	public Bry_fmtr Itm_id_key_one() 	{return itm_id_key_one;} 	private Bry_fmtr itm_id_key_one; 	public Ref_html_wtr_cfg Itm_id_key_one_(String v) {itm_id_key_one 	= Bry_fmtr.new_(v, "itm_key", "uid", "minor"); return this;}
 	public Bry_fmtr Itm_id_key_many() 	{return itm_id_key_many;} 	private Bry_fmtr itm_id_key_many; 	public Ref_html_wtr_cfg Itm_id_key_many_(String v) {itm_id_key_many	= Bry_fmtr.new_(v, "itm_key", "uid"); return this;}
-	public Bry_fmtr Itm_grp_text() 		{return itm_grp_text;} 		private Bry_fmtr itm_grp_text; 		public Ref_html_wtr_cfg Itm_grp_text_(String v) {itm_grp_text 		= Bry_fmtr.new_(v, "grp_key", "major"); return this;}
 	public Bry_fmtr Grp_html_one() 		{return grp_html_one;} 		private Bry_fmtr grp_html_one; 		public Ref_html_wtr_cfg Grp_html_one_(String v) {grp_html_one 		= Bry_fmtr.new_(v, "grp_id", "itm_id", "text"); return this;}
 	public Bry_fmtr Grp_html_many() 	{return grp_html_many;}		private Bry_fmtr grp_html_many; 	public Ref_html_wtr_cfg Grp_html_many_(String v) {grp_html_many 	= Bry_fmtr.new_(v, "grp_id", "related_ids", "text"); return this;}
 	public Bry_fmtr Grp_html_list()		{return grp_html_list;}		private Bry_fmtr grp_html_list;		public Ref_html_wtr_cfg Grp_html_list_(String v) {grp_html_list		= Bry_fmtr.new_(v, "itm_id", "backlabel"); return this;}
@@ -47,7 +46,6 @@ public class Ref_html_wtr_cfg {
 		rv.Itm_id_uid_		("~{uid}");
 		rv.Itm_id_key_one_	("~{itm_key}_~{uid}-~{minor}");
 		rv.Itm_id_key_many_	("~{itm_key}-~{uid}");
-		rv.Itm_grp_text_	("~{grp_key} ~{major}");
 		rv.Grp_html_one_	("<li id=\"cite_note-~{grp_id}\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-~{itm_id}\">^</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">~{text}</span></li>\n");
 		rv.Grp_html_many_	("<li id=\"cite_note-~{grp_id}\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^~{related_ids}</span> <span class=\"reference-text\">~{text}</span></li>\n");
 		rv.Grp_html_list_	(" <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-~{itm_id}\">~{backlabel}</a></sup>");
diff --git a/400_xowa/src/gplx/xowa/xtns/cites/References_nde_group_tst.java b/400_xowa/src/gplx/xowa/xtns/cites/References_nde_group_tst.java
index 8c6ac3f13..1bc7313fb 100644
--- a/400_xowa/src/gplx/xowa/xtns/cites/References_nde_group_tst.java
+++ b/400_xowa/src/gplx/xowa/xtns/cites/References_nde_group_tst.java
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Apache License: https://github.com/gnosygnu/xowa/blob/master/LICENSE-APACHE2.txt
 package gplx.xowa.xtns.cites; import gplx.*; import gplx.xowa.*; import gplx.xowa.xtns.*;
 import org.junit.*;
 public class References_nde_group_tst {	
-	@Before public void init() {fxt.Clear_ref_mgr();} private final Xop_fxt fxt = new Xop_fxt();
+	@Before public void init() {fxt.Clear_ref_mgr();} private final    Xop_fxt fxt = new Xop_fxt();
 	@After public void term() {fxt.Init_para_n_();}
 	@Test  public void Basic() {
 		fxt.Test_parse_page_wiki_str(String_.Concat_lines_nl_skip_last
@@ -39,10 +39,10 @@ public class References_nde_group_tst {
 			, ""
 			));
 	}
-	@Test  public void Lower_alpha_is_ignored() {
+	@Test  public void Unknown() {
 		String expd = 
 			String_.Concat_lines_nl_skip_last
-			( "<sup id=\"cite_ref-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-0\">[1]</a></sup>"	// note:do not show lower-alpha; DATE:2014-07-21
+			( "<sup id=\"cite_ref-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-0\">[unknown 1]</a></sup>"
 			, "<sup id=\"cite_ref-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-1\">[1]</a></sup>"
 			, "<ol class=\"references\">"
 			, "<li id=\"cite_note-0\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-0\">^</a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">x</span></li>"
@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ public class References_nde_group_tst {
 			, ""
 			);
 		fxt.Test_parse_page_wiki_str(String_.Concat_lines_nl_skip_last
-			( "<ref group='lower-alpha'>x</ref>"
+			( "<ref group='unknown'>x</ref>"
 			, "<ref>y</ref>"
-			, "<references group='lower-alpha'/>"
+			, "<references group='unknown'/>"
 			, "<references group=''/>"
 			), expd);
 	}